Thermal degradation of kerogen by hydrous pyrolysis. A kinetic study

Castelli, Antonella; Chiaramonte, M. A.; Beltrame, Pier Luigi; Carniti, P.; Bianco, A. Del; Stroppa, F.

doi:10.1016/0146-6380(90)90027-w

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…For example, shear deformation could facilitate the flattening of existing pore spaces and mechanical rotation of stacks of aromatic layers, leading to the formation of graphite [ Ross et al ., ; Bustin et al ., ], although graphitization was not detected in our friction experiment, probably because the temperature (250°C) was too low to lead to changes in the IR and Raman spectra. Release of H 2 O and CO 2 from coexisting clay minerals and carbonate minerals (referred to as hydrous pyrolysis) [e.g., Castelli et al ., ] may have affected the pyrolysis of the carbonaceous materials, and the release of metal cations from coexisting minerals also affects the progress of pyrolysis [e.g., Karabakan and Yurum , ]. Environmental pressure conditions can shift the peak positions of the D and G bands in the Raman spectrum [ Zeng and Wu , ; Huang et al ., ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the records of earthquake slip in carbonaceous materials from the Taiwan Chelungpu fault by means of infrared and Raman spectroscopies

Hirono

Maekawa

Yabuta

2015

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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To understand the mechanism of fault lubrication during the 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi earthquake, we developed a new temperature proxy for carbonaceous materials by using infrared and Raman spectroscopies together with heating and friction experiments. We found marked anomalies in the infrared and Raman spectra of carbonaceous materials retrieved from the primary slip zone of the earthquake: the infrared spectra exhibited very weak aliphatic CH 2 and CH 3 peaks and aromatic C5C absorbance peaks, and the Raman spectra exhibited very weak disordered and graphitic bands and a high ratio of disordered band area to graphitic band area. Those weak peaks and bands and the band area ratio were reproduced by heating carbonaceous materials from the nearby host rock to 7008C. These results suggest that the frictional heat in the slip zone reached approximately 7008C. We characterized the host rock's carbonaceous materials by means of elemental analysis, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and simultaneous thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry and found that the H/C and O/C ratios were 1.29 and 0.30, respectively (which are close to the ratios for lignin) and that the volatile fraction was as high as 48 wt %. The pyrolysates obtained by heating from 100 to 4008C were dominated by phenols, fatty alcohols, and n-alkanes. When the residue from pyrolysis at 100-4008C was rapidly heated to 7008C, the resulting pyrolysate was dominated by phenols, aromatic compounds, heterocyclic compounds, and n-alkenes. This information suggests that change in the infrared and Raman spectra with increasing temperature may have been due to decomposition and aromatization reactions during pyrolysis. Rapid heating during earthquake slip may promote reactions of carbonaceous materials that are different from the reactions that occur during long-term geological metamorphism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the records of earthquake slip in carbonaceous materials from the Taiwan Chelungpu fault by means of infrared and Raman spectroscopies

Hirono

Maekawa

Yabuta

2015

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…It is also encouraging that the S2 kinetics extrapolate fairly well to a geological heating rate (Figure 7). In addition, Castelli et al 31 generated enough data for total pyrolysate yield to demonstrate that an activation energy distribution is required and derived a mean activation energy of about 55 kcaVmol.…”

Section: S Hydrous Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Relationship between Hydrous and Ordinary Pyrolysis

Burnham

1995

Composition, Geochemistry and Conversion of Oil Shales

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ABSTRACf. Pyrolysis results are reviewed briefly with the intent of drawing comparisons between open, high pressure, and hydrous pyrolysis. Empirically, the degree of pyrolysis severity to form volatile products in open pyrolysis is similar to that required to form an expelled oil phase in hydrous pyrolysis. The yields of hydrocarbons from open pyrolysis are close to those from hydrous pyrolysis, but hydrous pyrolysis tends to assist the separation of hydrocarbons from polar materials. Pressure has a small but measurable affect on the generation kinetics.

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“…Other transformation models exist and are widely used (Braun and Burnham, 1990;Castelli et al, 1990;Charpenay et al, 1996;Cooles et al, 1986;Espitalie et al, 1988;Hunt et al, 1991;Pepper and Corvi, 1995;Tissot and Welte, 1984). In these models, the values of the kinetic parameters and rate laws are derived from pyrolysis experimental data (generally abcve reasonable geologic temperatures), that probably do not accurately reflect the reactio%i pathways occurring in the geologic environment.…”

Section: Modeling Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturally fractured tight gas: Gas reservoir detection optimization. Quarterly report, January 1--March 31, 1997

1997

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I 2. Current Technolofl. The well drilling at the assumed well spacing (1 60Nwell) and the EURs per well @cfilwell) under the Current Technology Situation (as described by the USGS) are provided in the second column of Table 5. A key technology assumption for Current Technology Situation, (used in the 1995 USGS National Assessment and also by the DOEEETC sponsored Scotia study) is that the exploration efficiency (the "b" value in the exploration efficiency equation) is 1, representative of random drilling and no selectivity. Thus, under Current Technology, the entire play would need to be drilled to exhaust the higher productivity portions of the basin. As a result, as set forth in the second column of Table 5 under Current Technology, 5,000 wells would be drilled into this 1,250 square mile gas play, at four wells per square mile. The average successfbl well would recover 0.9 Bcf and at the 55% success ratio set forth for the undeveloped portion of this play, the average well would recover 0.5 Bcf. This would provide the following resource estimates and economics for the Williams Fork tight sands: At 0.9 Bcf per successful well and a 55% success rate, the 5,000 to be drilled Williams Fork gas wells would provide 2.4 Tcf of technically recoverable gas resources from the southern Piceance Basin, consistent with the 4.9 Tcf estimated for the entire Piceance Basin by the USGS.

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Thermal degradation of kerogen by hydrous pyrolysis. A kinetic study

Cited by 25 publications

References 9 publications

Investigation of the records of earthquake slip in carbonaceous materials from the Taiwan Chelungpu fault by means of infrared and Raman spectroscopies

Investigation of the records of earthquake slip in carbonaceous materials from the Taiwan Chelungpu fault by means of infrared and Raman spectroscopies

Relationship between Hydrous and Ordinary Pyrolysis

Naturally fractured tight gas: Gas reservoir detection optimization. Quarterly report, January 1--March 31, 1997

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