Relationship between Hydrous and Ordinary Pyrolysis

Abstract

ABSTRACf. Pyrolysis results are reviewed briefly with the intent of drawing comparisons between open, high pressure, and hydrous pyrolysis. Empirically, the degree of pyrolysis severity to form volatile products in open pyrolysis is similar to that required to form an expelled oil phase in hydrous pyrolysis. The yields of hydrocarbons from open pyrolysis are close to those from hydrous pyrolysis, but hydrous pyrolysis tends to assist the separation of hydrocarbons from polar materials. Pressure has a small but measurable affect on the generation kinetics.

Detailed kinetic analysis of oil shale pyrolysis TGA data

“…Primary products of pyrolysis are liquid, gas, and coke. The extent of decomposition (yield) and the quality of pyrolysis products depend on the composition of the source material, [5][6][7] the temperature-time history, 8,9 pressure, [10][11][12] residence time (secondary reaction), 13,14 and presence of other reactants such as water, [15][16][17][18] etc. Because of the chemical composition of the oil produced, moderate to significant upgrading (nitrogen removal and/or hydrogen addition) may be required to convert the oil into a refinery feedstock.…”

Practical kinetic modeling of petroleum generation and expulsion

“…Similar errors caused by high heating rates are also apparent in the data of Oba et al (2002). The thermal and mass transfer resistances of the large rock chips often used in hydrous pyrolysis experiments, and the confining conditions of the water-filled retort, cause more substantial errors (Burnham, 1993;Burnham et al, 1987;Curry, 2003;Monthioux and Landais, 1987;Monthioux et al, 1985).…”

“…One of the main sources of experimental error is distortion of the observed rate curves caused by heat and mass transfer effects (e.g., Barth et al, 1996;Braun and Burnham, 1987;Burnham, 1993;Burnham et al, 1988;Schenk and Dieckmann, 2004). The temperature within the sample may lag behind the measured temperature and this can become a significant problem at high heating rates, as shown by Schenk and Dieckmann (2004).…”

“…This second set is included simply because anhydrous kinetic data are also available (Fig. 1c), and not to add to the criticisms of these hydrous pyrolysis kinetics (e.g., Burnham, 1993Burnham, , 1998Curry, 2003).…”

“…Amongst these are: Barth et al (1996), Braun and Burnham (1987), Braun et al (1991), Burnham (1993), Burnham and Braun (1999), Burnham et al (1987Burnham et al ( , 1988Burnham et al ( , 1996, Espitalie et al (1988), Issler and Snowdon (1990), Juntgen and Van Heek (1979), Klomp and Wright (1990), Lakshmanan et al (1991), Pepper and Dodd (1995), Schaefer et al (1990), Tegelaar and Noble (1993), and Tissot et al (1987).…”