Thermal degradation mechanisms of nylon 6 deduced from kinetic studies by pyrolysis-g.c.

Lehrle, R.S.; Parsons, Ian W.; Rollinson, M.

doi:10.1016/s0141-3910(99)00112-3

Cited by 74 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These compounds form through different thermal degradation mechanisms. PA-6 decomposes primarily to -caprolactam (cyclic monomer) through two distinct processes, namely chain end backbiting and monomer formation within any polymer chain via a ring transition state [15]. Thermal decomposition of PA-12 results in small amount of lactams, at the same time several saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, moreover mononitriles can be observed, which formed through C alkyl N bond cleavage followed by dehydration reaction [9,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic thermal decomposition of polyamides and polyurethanes mixed with acidic zeolites

Bozi¹,

Blazsó²

2012

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic thermal decomposition of polyamides and polyurethanes mixed with acidic zeolites

Bozi¹,

Blazsó²

2012

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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“…From a study on the pyrolysis of bagasse, the cyclic amide 3-methyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione has been reported to be a pyrolysis product [17]. Pyrolysis of the polyamide nylon 6 at low temperatures produces the cyclic amide ε-caprolactam [18]. Proteins that contain amino acids with reactive side chains have been suggested to cross-link and form char [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of HNCO, HCN, and NH3 from the pyrolysis of bark and nitrogen-containing model compounds

Hansson

Samuelsson²,

Tullin³

et al. 2004

Combustion and Flame

306

213

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Bark pellets have been pyrolyzed in a fluidized bed reactor at temperatures between 700 and 1000 • C. Identified nitrogen-containing species were hydrogen cyanide (HCN), ammonia (NH 3 ), and isocyanic acid (HNCO). Quantification of HCN and to some extent of NH 3 was unreliable at 700 and 800 • C due to low concentrations. HNCO could not be quantified with any accuracy at any temperature for bark, due to the low concentrations found. Since most of the nitrogen in biomass is bound in proteins, various protein-rich model compounds were pyrolyzed with the aim of finding features that are protein-specific, making conclusions regarding the model compounds applicable for biomass fuels in general. The model compounds used were a whey protein isolate, soya beans, yellow peas, and shea nut meal. The split between HCN and NH 3 depends on the compound and temperature. It was found that the HCN/NH 3 ratio is very sensitive to temperature and increases with increasing temperature for all compounds, including bark. Comparing the ratio for the different compounds at a fixed temperature, the ratio was found to decrease with decreasing release of volatile nitrogen. The temperature dependence implies that heating rate and thereby particle size affect the split between HCN and NH 3 . For whey, soya beans, and yellow peas, HNCO was also quantified. It is suggested that most HCN and HNCO are produced from cracking of cyclic amides formed as primary pyrolysis products. The dependence of the HNCO/HCN ratio on the compound is fairly small, but the temperature dependence of the ratio is substantial, decreasing with increasing temperature. The release of nitrogen-containing species does not seem to be greatly affected by the other constituents of the fuel, and proteins appear to be suitable model compounds for the nitrogen in biomass.

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“…Headspace analysis via APCI-MS yielded the protonated ethanol dimer (m/z 93), but also interesting signatures from the carpet matrix. Spectral peaks at m/z 114 were tentatively identified as protonated caprolactam, which is a known degradation product from the nylon polymer used in construction of the carpet [67]. …”

Section: Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (Apci)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Cost, Simplified Platform of Interchangeable, Ambient Ionization Sources for Rapid, Forensic Evidence Screening on Portable Mass Spectrometric Instrumentation

et al. 2018

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Portable mass spectrometers (MS) are becoming more prevalent due to improved instrumentation, commercialization, and the robustness of new ionization methodologies. To increase utility towards diverse field-based applications, there is an inherent need for rugged ionization source platforms that are simple, yet robust towards analytical scenarios that may arise. Ambient ionization methodologies have evolved to target specific real-world problems and fulfill requirements of the analysis at hand. Ambient ionization techniques continue to advance towards higher performance, with specific sources showing variable proficiency depending on application area. To realize the full potential and applicability of ambient ionization methods, a selection of sources may be more prudent, showing a need for a low-cost, flexible ionization source platform. This manuscript describes a centralized system that was developed for portable MS systems that incorporates modular, rapidly-interchangeable ionization sources comprised of low-cost, commercially-available parts. Herein, design considerations are reported for a suite of ambient ionization sources that can be crafted with minimal machining or customization. Representative spectral data is included to demonstrate applicability towards field processing of forensic evidence. While this platform is demonstrated on portable instrumentation, retrofitting to lab-scale MS systems is anticipated.

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Thermal degradation mechanisms of nylon 6 deduced from kinetic studies by pyrolysis-g.c.

Cited by 74 publications

References 9 publications

Catalytic thermal decomposition of polyamides and polyurethanes mixed with acidic zeolites

Catalytic thermal decomposition of polyamides and polyurethanes mixed with acidic zeolites

Formation of HNCO, HCN, and NH3 from the pyrolysis of bark and nitrogen-containing model compounds

A Low-Cost, Simplified Platform of Interchangeable, Ambient Ionization Sources for Rapid, Forensic Evidence Screening on Portable Mass Spectrometric Instrumentation

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