A Low-Cost, Simplified Platform of Interchangeable, Ambient Ionization Sources for Rapid, Forensic Evidence Screening on Portable Mass Spectrometric Instrumentation

Fedick, Patrick W.; Fatigante, William L.; Lawton, Zachary E.; O'Leary, Adam E.; Hall, Seth E.; Bain, Ryan M.; Ayrton, Stephen T.; Ludwig, Joseph A.; Mulligan, Christopher C.

doi:10.3390/instruments2020005

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Miniaturized, light weight, low cost mass spectrometers combined with a membrane sampling system could expand applicability. Possible deployments range from space exploration, food safety monitoring [28], forensics [29–33], and environmental monitoring to personal usage [34–38]. Miniaturization of mass spectrometers is a systematic exercise [39], which involves customized and optimized designs of mass analyzers, ion transfer devices, electronics, and vacuum systems [29, 40–42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Situ Analysis of Essential Fragrant Oils Using a Portable Mass Spectrometer

Jjunju

Giannoukos

Marshall

et al. 2019

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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A portable mass spectrometer was coupled to a direct inlet membrane (DIM) probe and applied to the direct analysis of active fragrant compounds (3-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, methyl butanoate, and ethyl methyl sulfide) in real time. These fragrant active compounds are commonly used in the formulation of flavours and fragrances. Results obtained show that the portable mass spectrometer with a direct membrane inlet can be used to detect traces of the active fragrant compounds in complex mixtures such as essential fragrant oils and this represents a novel in-situ analysis methodology. Limits of detection (LOD) in the sub-ppb range (< 2.5 pg) are demonstrated. Standard samples in the gaseous phase presented very good linearity with RSD % at 5 to 7 for the selected active fragrant compounds (i.e., isoamyl acetate, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, methyl butanoate, and methyl ethyl sulphide). The rise and fall times of the DIM probe are in the ranges from 15 to 31 seconds and 23 to 41 seconds, respectively, for the standard model compounds analysed. The identities of the fragrance active compounds in essential oil samples (i.e., banana, tangerine, papaya, and blueberry muffin) were first identified by comparison with a standard fragrance compounds mixture using their major fragment peaks, the NIST standard reference library, and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. No sample preparation is required for analysis using a portable mass spectrometer coupled to a DIM probe, so the cycle time from ambient air sampling to the acquisition of the results is at least 65 seconds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Situ Analysis of Essential Fragrant Oils Using a Portable Mass Spectrometer

Jjunju

Giannoukos

Marshall

et al. 2019

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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“…In addition, as the explosives were detectable from human skin, airport security could employ this technology in conjunction with the current ion mobility systems. With swab touch spray ionization previously being demonstrated using portable mass spectrometers [27,29], 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 this technique can be useful for in-situ analysis for real time detection of explosive residues. The advantages of swab touch spray ionization are the ease of use, contained commercial packaging, low entrance barrier, and the fact that your sampling device is also your ionization source.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Efforts have been made previously to achieve robust signal with 3D printed parts and a camera to aid in alignment [26]. Similarly, a rail system has been used to aid in alignment for non-expert users and in-field applications with miniature instrumentation [29].…”

Section: Swab Touch Spray Ionizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Residual Explosives by Swab Touch Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Bain

Fedick

Dilger

et al. 2018

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Swab touch spray ionization mass spectrometry, an ambient ionization technique, has been applied to the analysis of six explosives from various surfaces including glass, metal, Teflon, plastic, human hands and three types of gloves (nitrile, vinyl and latex). A swab, attached to a metallic handle, was used to sample explosive residues and acted as the ion source. The explosives, 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5triazinane (RDX), 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX), and 2,2-bis[(nitrooxy)methyl]propane-1,3-diyl dinitrate (PETN) had an absolute limit of detection of 10 ng from all the surfaces except for PETN from the nitrile gloves (limit of detection 100 ng). Sodium perchlorate, 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNT) and tetra-butylammonium perchlorate had limits of detection of 100 pg, 10 pg, and 1 pg, respectively from all surfaces. This study demonstrates the feasibility of swab touch spray ionization mass spectrometry for detection of a wide array of explosives from a variety of forensically applicable surfaces with disposable, commercial, tamperproof and individually-wrapped conductive swabs without complicated/lengthy sample preparations or extractions.

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“…On the other hand, fully automated systems for volatile analysis were demonstrated by Noventa et al [48]. Nearly online (real-time) analyses could facilitated by MS systems [49], also equipped with a headspace module and separation capability. Miniaturization of single modules fabricated using microsystem technology, and even the first chip-scale mass spectrometers [50][51][52] is currently feasible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste to Carbon: Influence of Structural Modification on VOC Emission Kinetics from Stored Carbonized Refuse-Derived Fuel

et al. 2019

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The torrefaction of municipal solid waste is one of the solutions related to the Waste to Carbon concept, where high-quality fuel—carbonized refuse-derived fuel (CRDF)—is produced. An identified potential problem is the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during CRDF storage. Kinetic emission parameters have not yet been determined. It was also shown that CRDF can be pelletized for energy densification and reduced volume during storage and transportation. Thus, our working hypothesis was that structural modification (via pelletization) might mitigate VOC emissions and influence emission kinetics during CRDF storage. Two scenarios of CRDF structural modification on VOC emission kinetics were tested, (i) pelletization and (ii) pelletization with 10% binder addition and compared to ground (loose) CRDF (control). VOC emissions from simulated sealed CRDF storage were measured with headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. It was found that total VOC emissions from stored CRDF follow the first-order kinetic model for both ground and pelletized material, while individual VOC emissions may deviate from this model. Pelletization significantly decreased (63%~86%) the maximum total VOC emission potential from stored CDRF. Research on improved sustainable CRDF storage is warranted. This could involve VOC emission mechanisms and environmental-risk management.

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A Low-Cost, Simplified Platform of Interchangeable, Ambient Ionization Sources for Rapid, Forensic Evidence Screening on Portable Mass Spectrometric Instrumentation

Cited by 31 publications

References 69 publications

In-Situ Analysis of Essential Fragrant Oils Using a Portable Mass Spectrometer

In-Situ Analysis of Essential Fragrant Oils Using a Portable Mass Spectrometer

Analysis of Residual Explosives by Swab Touch Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Waste to Carbon: Influence of Structural Modification on VOC Emission Kinetics from Stored Carbonized Refuse-Derived Fuel

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