Thermal degradation behaviour of natural fibres at thermoplastic composite processing temperatures

Thomason, James; Fernández, José Luis Rudeiros

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109594

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Regarding the thermal decomposition of CAB, it occurred in steps that can be confirmed in the TG curve. In the first step of mass loss, the moisture and highly volatile compounds were lost up to a temperature of around 150 °C [ 128 ]. This moisture loss peak reported in the present study is in concordance with the one reported by Ticiane C. de Souza et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second step of decomposition occurred at temperatures between 250 °C to 400 °C. This peak is related to cellulose and lignin degradation [ 128 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thermal decomposition in agricultural residues is an important parameter in further valorization processes. For instance, some treatments where biomass transformation requires high temperatures are i) cooking operations [ 15 ], ii) manufacturing of materials [ 128 ], iii) thermochemical pretreatments [ 133 ], and iv) pyrolysis [ 134 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Chemical composition and bioactive compounds of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) apple juice and bagasse from Colombian varieties

Reina

Durán-Aranguren

Forero-Rojas

et al. 2022

Heliyon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second step of decomposition occurred at temperatures between 250 °C to 400 °C. This peak is related to cellulose and lignin degradation [ 128 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chemical composition and bioactive compounds of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) apple juice and bagasse from Colombian varieties

Reina

Durán-Aranguren

Forero-Rojas

et al. 2022

Heliyon

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The depolymerization of hemicellulose starts at this point, followed by cellulose and lignin if temperature exceeds 240°C and 280°C respectively [15]. Liang et al [16] investigated the effect of the manufacturing temperature and time of flax by means of TGA and mechanical testing and found that the best mechanical properties were achieved for temperatures below 200°C.…”

Section: Natural Fibre Composite Production -Thermal Processing Of Fl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the actual pressing of the PA6 matrix into the fibres a short pressing of 2 minutes is used starting from the moment the pressure recovers after closure of the press at a temperature of 225°C. The 2 minutes are introduced because the speed of the degradation rapidly increases over time [14], [15], [16]. This short impregnation is possible because of the favorable wetting concept which is absent when using MAPP and in general hydrophobic matrices.…”

Section: Pa6 Plates (Hydrophilic Matrix)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hygroscopic cycling of flax fibre composites: Simultaneous swelling and shrinking of fibre and matrix

Timmermans¹

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

When natural fibres are exposed to humid environments, they absorb moisture and swell.Often, the natural fibre reinforced composites are produced in a combination with the widelyused non-/low-swelling matrices, like maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) andepoxy. The water uptake resulting in fibre swelling causes the build-up of internal stresseswhen the fibres are surrounded, and thus constrained, by the typically used matrices. Theseinternal stresses eventually lead to damage formation, resulting in loss of mechanicalproperties. The scope of this thesis is to investigate a potential strategy to decrease theaforementioned sensitivity of the natural fibre composites when exposed to hygroscopiccycling conditions. In this strategy the hydrophilic matrix polyamide-6 (PA6) will be used dueto its ability to absorb water and swell, resulting in a composite with decreased stress build-upby the hygroscopic expansion of the fibres, due to a matrix that swells and shrinks togetherwith the fibres.The hypothesis of having a good fibre-matrix interface when adding the hydrophilic matrix PA6to the hydrophilic flax fibres, was evaluated with a wettability analysis. A wettability analysisimplies using contact angle measurements to get an idea of the surface energy componentscalculated following the Van Oss model of both fibre and matrix. These surface energycomponents are then used to calculate the theoretical work of adhesion which shows thequality of the interface. Hygroscopic cycling is being applied on the traditional compositesflax/MAPP and flax/epoxy together with flax/PA6 composites to analyze their behavior after along durability cycling. The moisture content and sample thickness were monitored during theentire cycling process. After every cycle, a group of specimens was removed from the cyclingprotocol and mechanically tested in bending by using the three-point bending method.Therefore, mechanical degradation was monitored every cycle with a total of nine hygroscopiccycles performed. It is of great interest to take a closer look at the sample zone where failurehas occurred and investigate the failure mode. By using scanning electron microscopy (SEM),different damage mechanisms can be detected for the composites between the different testedcycles showing degradation of the materials.This study revealed that the hydrophilic matrix PA6 and flax fibres result in a high work ofadhesion value which shows a strong interfacial bonding and leads to a good impregnation ofthe thermoplastic. Furthermore, this was additionally supported by the high longitudinal andtransverse strength of the flax/PA6 composites as by the investigation of the fractured surfacesof the reference-unaged samples. The flax/PA6 samples obtain higher strength values thanthe flax/MAPP composites at the end of the long durability study. These observations aresupported by the analysis of the SEM pictures that indicate less damaged interfaces within theflax/PA6 specimens. In conclusion, the use of a hydrophilic matrix in natural fibre reinforcedcomposites shows promising results for composite materials exposed to humid environmentsfor a significant period

show abstract

Cellulose blends from gel extrusion and compounding with polylactic acid

Müller

Fürtauer

Schmid

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cellulose, dissolved in ionic liquids (IL), can be used successfully in the processing of thermoplastics. To recover the ionic liquid while maintaining the thermoplastic properties, other spacers than IL might be introduced into the cellulose network. Such blend materials have been prepared before by solution blending as reported in the literature. In this study, the preparation and investigation of cellulose and polylactic acid (PLA) blends using an extrusion process with an ionic liquid and co‐solvent for intermediate compatibilization is reported. The obtained transparent films show a homogeneous morphology without phase separation. Thermal analysis showed no separated glass transition for PLA, and FTIR showed hydrogen bonding between cellulose and PLA chains. Thermal stability of the blends with a degradation onset around 270°C lies between regenerated cellulose and pure PLA. The blend tensile strength and elongation of ~40 MPa and 1.3%, respectively, were comparable to a multiphase composite containing twice the molecular weight of PLA. Generally, mechanical performance of the blends was strongly influenced by degradation reactions mainly caused by the ionic liquid used, as well as blend morphology. The study shows that transfer from solution to extrusion processing is generally possible to obtain novel cellulose blends.

show abstract

Thermal degradation behaviour of natural fibres at thermoplastic composite processing temperatures

Cited by 27 publications

References 31 publications

Chemical composition and bioactive compounds of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) apple juice and bagasse from Colombian varieties

Chemical composition and bioactive compounds of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) apple juice and bagasse from Colombian varieties

Hygroscopic cycling of flax fibre composites: Simultaneous swelling and shrinking of fibre and matrix

Cellulose blends from gel extrusion and compounding with polylactic acid

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About