Thermal Degradation and Fire Retrandancy of Wood Impregnated with Nitrogen Phosphorus Flame Retardant

Abstract

In this research, the effect of diammoniumphosphate (DAP) as fire retardant additive during thermal degradation of wood samples from shorea obtuse (Dipterocarpaceae) has been investigated. Thermal properties of wood samples impregnated with DAP ranging from 0-40 %wt were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and limiting oxygen index (LOI). Leachability of DAP from impregnated samples kept under running water was also investigated. The results indicated that the rate of weight loss obtained from TGA reveal that impregnation of DAP reduced the degradation rate from 0.95%/°C to 0.56%/°C. Furthermore, LOI of woods specimens trended to be increase from 24.8 to 30.6 when they were treated with DAP having a range of 0-30 %wt. Based on the results of this study, wood samples impregnated with 30%wt of DAP can be classified as self-extinguishing materials and cloud meet the requirement for non-flammability in construction. The leachability test indicated that only trace amount of unreacted DAP leached from the samples.

Properties of poplar veneer modified by Acid Red 3R dye in combination with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate

“…After flame retardant treatment, the THR of FR and D/FR-Pl was obviously lower than that of U-Pl, and the THR curve also gradually slowed down, and the onset of the faster rate of increase was also shifted back compared to that of U-Pl. This is mainly because the phosphorus-containing compounds in the flame retardant and the charcoal layer formed a cross-linking structure between them, which reduced the total amount of combustible gases (CO, CH4, C2H6) and was able to effectively inhibit or mitigate the continuous and further combustion reaction of the wood, and improved the fire resistance of the wood to a great extent (Pan et al 2021;Phromsaen et al 2014).…”

Flame Retardant Properties of a Guanidine Phosphate–Zinc Borate Composite Flame Retardant on Wood

“…In accordance with the type of compound, flame retardants can be divided into organic and inorganic flame retardants. At present, the commonly used organic flame retardants are mainly organic compounds of elements, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and bromine. − However, out of consideration for the environment in recent years, halogen flame retardants have been abandoned due to a large amount of smoke and harmful gases released during combustion. − Nitrogen and phosphorus flame retardants have been gradually and widely used due to their good flame retardant effect and minimal smoke. − Alumina hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and zinc borate (ZB) are the typical representatives of inorganic flame retardants, which are frequently used due to their smokeless, nontoxic, high safety, and low price characteristics. , Guanidine phosphate (GP) was first synthesized by a Japanese scholar Kiichiro Sugino in 1938. It has been widely used in flame retardant products, such as wood and paper, due to its economical applicability and good flame retardant effect. − Goldstein reacted dicyandiamide aqueous solution with equal molar phosphoric acid to generate transparent amidinourea phosphate.…”

Preparation and Synergistic Effect of Chitosan/Sodium Phytate/MgO Nanoparticle Fire-Retardant Coatings on Wood Substrate through Layer-By-Layer Self-Assembly

“…Wood is widely used in furniture manufacturing, building decoration, and other fields, but its flammability poses a fire risk; therefore, to improve the fire resistance of wood, while retaining its original characteristics, fire retardants are typically applied [1][2][3][4]. For many years, composite inorganic fire retardants containing phosphorus, nitrogen, and boron were the main wood fire retardants [5][6][7][8]. During combustion, the decomposition of fire retardant produces a dehydrating agent that can directly dehydrate and carbonize wood to form a dense carbon layer that separates wood from the heat source and oxygen to terminate combustion.…”