Flame Retardant Properties of a Guanidine Phosphate–Zinc Borate Composite Flame Retardant on Wood

Wang, Linyuan; Yang, Yabing; Deng, Hongbo; Duan, Wenyi; Zhu, Jiajie; Wei, Yue; Li, Wei

doi:10.1021/acsomega.1c00882

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…30,77,78 In previous studies, the LOI values of materials that added zinc borate between 1% and 25% varied from 20.0% to 47.8%. [79][80][81][82] On the other hand, LOI values of cotton fabric coated with chitosan addition were examined in the previous studies. It was found that when chitosan and ammonium phytate were used to provide antibacterial properties and fire resistance, the LOI value of cotton fabric compared to the control group was enhanced by 9%.…”

Section: Thermal Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and thermal properties of polyvinyl acetate foams reinforced with biopolymers

Ergun,

Ozen,

Yildirim

et al. 2023

Cellular Polymers

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The study developed and designed polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) foams using advanced freeze-drying technology, which exhibited good heat-insulating ability, flame retardancy, and mechanical properties. Different combinations of bleach kraft pulp, water-soluble chitosan, and zinc borate were used to reinforce the foams. The foams exhibited desirable compression and flexural properties, with compression strength and compression modulus ranging from 0.01 MPa to 0.08 MPa and 0.05 MPa to 0.29 MPa, respectively, while flexural strength and flexural modulus ranged from 0.12 MPa to 5.37 MPa and 9.86 MPa to 260,85 MPa, respectively. The use of zinc borate as a reinforcement resulted in improved thermal properties and reduced mass loss at 600°C by 20.69%. Thermal conductivity tests indicated that the foams had low thermal conductivity values ranging from 0.037 W/mK to 0.074 W/mK. The foams with zinc borate (60 g/L) and high molecular weight water-soluble chitosan (70 g/L) reinforcement exhibited high limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 28.72%. Overall, the results suggest that the PVAc foams could serve as a promising sustainable alternative in thermal insulation and construction fields.

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Section: Thermal Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and thermal properties of polyvinyl acetate foams reinforced with biopolymers

Ergun,

Ozen,

Yildirim

et al. 2023

Cellular Polymers

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“…Wang et al [ 86 ] used diluted phosphoric acid as a solvent to dissolve guanidine dihydrogen phosphate (GDP) and ZB. The resultant solution was impregnated into poplar wood samples using microwave-ultrasonic treatment technique to analyse the fire performance.…”

Section: Fire Retardancy Of Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of the fire behaviour of wood: From pyrolysis to fire retardant mechanisms

Mensah

Jiang

Renner

et al. 2022

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Wood is undeniably the most useful and readily available natural raw material. However, the susceptibility of wood products to fire is one of the crucial challenges faced in the wood industry. The fire behaviour of wood is a very complex phenomenon due to the different constituents and their independent reactions to fire. This article presents a thorough overview of the flammability stages of wood. It covers pyrolysis, thermal oxidative decomposition, ignition, combustion and heat release as well as flame extinction mechanisms. In the area of flame retardancy, conventional wood fire retardants, nanocomposites fire retardants and wood modification processes are investigated. Factors such as wood species, moisture content, density, experimental conditions such as external heat flux, heat exposure time, wood permeability and porosity are some of the deterministic parameters characterising the fire behaviour. This paper is a one-stop-shop for researchers analysing wood flammability due to the inclusion of all aspects pertaining to the burning of wood.

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“…Although these strategies achieve a considerable flame retarding effect, few materials display satisfactory comprehensive performance, mainly due to the compromise between the flame-retardant ability and adhesive strength. Usually, adding a large proportion of inorganic materials, such as ammonium polyphosphate, magnesium hydroxide, or aluminum hydroxide, is necessary to achieve the corresponding flame retardant effect at the expense of mechanical performance. ,,, As a result, a significant challenge still remains to develop adhesives that simultaneously have excellent flame retardant and adhesive performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually, adding a large proportion of inorganic materials, such as ammonium polyphosphate, magnesium hydroxide, or aluminum hydroxide, is necessary to achieve the corresponding flame retardant effect at the expense of mechanical performance. 7,8,25,26 As a result, a significant challenge still remains to develop adhesives that simultaneously have excellent flame retardant and adhesive performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unprecedented Nonflammable Organic Adhesives Leading to Fireproof Wood Products

Gao

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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We report an excellent water-based inflammable organic wood adhesive that is able to protect wood products from burning by generating inflammable gases, a porous thick char layer, and radicals that consume the oxygen and hydrogen radicals required in the burning process. The organic adhesive is obtained by the formation of hard supramolecular phases composed of high-density flame-retardant N and P elements through hydrogen bonding and acid–base interaction between the phytic acid and branched polyethylenimine (b-PEI). The phytic acid molecules are packed densely in the framework of the flexible b-PEI so that a porous char layer that would reduce heat conduction can be formed as the adhesive is heated. Together with the formation of inflammable NH3 gas to dilute the oxygen concentration and a PO• radical to capture the H• and O• radicals, the adhesive-treated wood product displays an extremely high limited oxygen index of 100% and a negligible heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke release. The current flame-retardant water-based organic adhesive is so far the best adhesive for green and safe wood products from burning.

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Flame Retardant Properties of a Guanidine Phosphate–Zinc Borate Composite Flame Retardant on Wood

Cited by 25 publications

References 41 publications

Mechanical and thermal properties of polyvinyl acetate foams reinforced with biopolymers

Mechanical and thermal properties of polyvinyl acetate foams reinforced with biopolymers

Characterisation of the fire behaviour of wood: From pyrolysis to fire retardant mechanisms

Unprecedented Nonflammable Organic Adhesives Leading to Fireproof Wood Products

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