Thermal Deformations of Crystal Structures in the L-Aspartic Acid/L-Glutamic Acid System and DL-Aspartic Acid

Abstract

The method of temperature-resolved powder X-ray diffraction (TRPXRD) was used to determine the elevated temperature behavior of L-aspartic acid (L-asp), DL-aspartic acid (DL-asp), L-glutamic acid (L-glu), and an L-asp0.25,L-glu0.75 solid solution. These amino acids were not found to undergo any solid-phase (polymorph) transformations. When heated, they all experienced only thermal deformations. The corresponding parameters of the monoclinic cells of L-asp and DL-asp, and the orthorhombic cells of L-glu and L-asp0.25,L-glu0.75, were calculated for the entire range of studied temperatures (up to 220 °C). The data obtained were used to calculate the parameters of the thermal deformation tensors, and to plot the figures of their thermal expansion coefficients. A correlation between the maximum and minimum values of thermal expansion coefficients and the length, type, direction, and number of hydrogen bonds in the crystal structures of the investigated amino acids was established. The observed negative thermal expansion (contraction) of crystal structures of L-asp and DL-asp along the ac plane can be explained as a result of shear deformations occurring in monoclinic crystals with a non-fixed angle β. The studies were related to the presence of amino acids in various natural and technological processes occurring at different temperatures.

Solid Phase and Stability Investigation of a Co-Crystal in the l-Valine/l-Leucine System

“…Thereby, not only solubility [1] but also the resulting solid phases, such as co-crystals [2], polymorphs [3], and solid solutions [4], are relevant. For example, for amino acids, there are multiple studies observing the polymorphic behavior of L-glutamic [5] and L-aspartic [6] amino acids while also observing solid solution formation in their mixtures [7]. Additionally, co-crystals and solid solutions were found in the L-isoleucine/L-valine and L-leucine (L-Leu)/L-valine (L-Val) systems [2,8].…”