Thermal decomposition of azobis(isobutyronitrile) in the solid state. Cage effect. Recombination and disproportionation of cyanoisopropyl radicals

Dubikhin, V. V.; Кнерельман, Е. И.; Манелис, Г. Б.; Назин, Г. М.; Прокудин, В. Г.; Stashina, G. A.; Чуканов, Н. В.; Шастин, А. В.

doi:10.1134/s001250161210003x

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD). The polymorphism of the raw material and the excess undissolved AIBME solids in each solvent during the solubility experiments was tested by XRPD (X' Pert 3 Powder, The Netherlands). The XRPD spectra of AIBME with a step width (Δ2θ) of 0.0131°a nd ranging from 5 to 35°were recorded under the equipment parameters of 40 mA and 40 kV.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liu et al obtained similar results. However, compared to other azo initiators, AIBME has no cyano radical, and its decomposition products are also nontoxic. − In addition, the melting point of AIBME is lower than that of the other azo initiators, and the decomposition products of AIBME are liquid, which would not block pipes in laboratory- or industrial-scale reactions. Based on these advantages, AIBME is becoming more widely used as an alternative to other classic azo initiators in the production of encapsulants, adhesives, poly(vinyl chloride), and other polymeric materials. ,, To date, many investigations and patents have focused on the production of AIBME, , but the crystallization of AIBME has been less investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solubility of Dimethyl 2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionate) in 15 Pure Solvents and in a Methanol + Water Binary Solvent System

Zhang

Wang

2020

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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The solubility of dimethyl 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionate) (AIBME) was determined in 15 pure solvents, including cyclohexane, dichloromethane, diethyl ether, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, tetrachloromethane, acetonitrile, methylbenzene, methanol, ethanol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropanol, n-butyl alcohol, and iso-butyl alcohol, and in a binary solvent system (methanol + water) at the temperature range from 253.15 to 293.15 K at atmospheric pressure. Between 278.15 and 293.15 K, the solubility of AIBME is more sensitive to temperature in alcohol solvents than in other solvents. However, the solubility of AIBME in nonalcoholic solvents decreased more rapidly than in alcohol solvents below 278.15 K. The AIBME solubility in the binary solvent system (methanol + water) is positive to temperature and the initial mole fraction of methanol. The measured solubility data of AIBME in pure solvents were correlated by the modified Apelblat equation, the λh equation, the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model, and the Wilson model. The measured solubility data of AIBME in binary solvent systems were correlated by the modified Apelblat equation, the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model, and the Wilson model. Among the four models, the NRTL model is the best model to fit the solubility of AIBME, especially in alcohol solvents. In addition, the mixing properties of AIBME in 15 pure solvents, including standard mixing Gibbs energy, mixing enthalpy, and mixing entropy, were calculated and discussed. The results provide useful information for practical optimization of AIBME crystallization processes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubility of Dimethyl 2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionate) in 15 Pure Solvents and in a Methanol + Water Binary Solvent System

Zhang

Wang

2020

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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“…Azo compounds (azos) are a classic initiator with exothermic properties for encouraging the progress of the polymerization reaction due to their thermal decomposition energy and the formation of nitrogen–carbon radicals. This additional energy helps meet the threshold required to catalyze the polymerization reaction, and the reactivity of the free radicals significantly promotes the polymerization of monomers . Due to climate change, polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile, and poly(carboxylic acid) have been widely used on the market for waterproof building materials and concrete additives in recent years. − This trend has spawned more research on azo initiators, driving new species of azos to be used in the field of polymer materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Thermal Hazard Characteristics of Three Low-Temperature Active Azo Initiators for Polymer Resin in Construction Industries under Adiabatic Conditions

Tsai

Wen

2022

ACS Omega

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Resins continue to occupy a place in the waterproof building market. Unlike traditional concrete building materials, the polymerization of resins requires initiators to support the required energy to drive the reaction or reduce the polymerization threshold, which shows a high reaction rate and low energy consumption in the polymerization process. Azo compounds (azos) are energetic substances commonly used in polymerization, but they can cause process hazards due to the amount of heat release and accumulation of the resulting heat. To ensure that similar hazards do not occur, the emerging azo initiators 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamide)dihydrochloride (AIBA), 2-cyanopropan-2-yliminourea (CABN), and 2,2′-azodi(2-methylbutyronitrile) (AMBN) are explored. Depending on the process conditions, it is critical to examine how chemical reactions from a laboratory behave at a large scale. Kinetic models can be used to estimate fundamental safety parameters suitable for assessing the reaction hazards and as control measures, such as time to the maximum reaction rate under adiabatic conditions, time to the conversion limit, and runaway determination for process operation. The structure of this study is a combination of adiabatic calorimeter data and a nonlinear adiabatic dynamics model with the goal of helping to fill the void in research on thermal hazard analysis of emerging azo initiators. The adiabatic data is used to analyze the reaction mode characteristics of the azo compounds, and combined with the external environment, the reaction and temperature parameter changes of the azo compounds due to the reaction are discussed in the actual situation.

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Kinetic modeling for thermal hazard of 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionamide) dihydrochloride using calorimetric approach and simulation

Cao

Shu

2019

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Thermal decomposition of azobis(isobutyronitrile) in the solid state. Cage effect. Recombination and disproportionation of cyanoisopropyl radicals

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

Solubility of Dimethyl 2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionate) in 15 Pure Solvents and in a Methanol + Water Binary Solvent System

Solubility of Dimethyl 2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionate) in 15 Pure Solvents and in a Methanol + Water Binary Solvent System

Assessment of the Thermal Hazard Characteristics of Three Low-Temperature Active Azo Initiators for Polymer Resin in Construction Industries under Adiabatic Conditions

Kinetic modeling for thermal hazard of 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionamide) dihydrochloride using calorimetric approach and simulation

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