Thermal decomposition of 2‐ethylhexyl nitrate (2‐EHN)

Bornemann, Holger; Scheidt, Friedrich; Sander, Wolfram

doi:10.1002/kin.10017

Cited by 47 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The apparent activation energy of EHN without a thermal history obtained from the Friedman method is 159 AE 5 kJ mol À1 , which is similar to the result of the Ozawa method (153 AE 4 kJ mol À1 ). It is also similar to activation barrier for the thermal decomposition (39 kcal mol À1 , 163 kJ mol À1 ) obtained in the literature [22]. The apparent activation energy of NC without a thermal history obtained from the Friedman method is 158 AE 14 kJ mol À1 , which is also similar to the result in Ref.…”

Section: Kinetic Analysissupporting

confidence: 84%

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Research on the thermal history’s influence on the thermal stability of EHN and NC

Wang

Liu

et al. 2015

Thermochimica Acta

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Section: Kinetic Analysissupporting

confidence: 84%

“…compound and is widely used as cetane improver and propellant additive [1][2][3][4]. In 2012, there was an explosion during its storage in China.…”

Section: -Ethylhexyl Nitrate (Ehn) Is An Important Liquid Nitromentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the thermal history’s influence on the thermal stability of EHN and NC

Wang

Liu

et al. 2015

Thermochimica Acta

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“…Alkyl nitrates and peroxides have been investigated in fundamental experiments, as well as combustion engines, while a number of detailed theoretical and modeling studies have also been undertaken [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Singleshot spray chambers have been used [3], as have RCMs [4][5][6], shock tubes [7][8] and flow reactors [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and modeling study of fuel interactions with an alkyl nitrate cetane enhancer, 2-ethyl-hexyl nitrate

Goldsborough

Johnson

Banyon

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

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This study investigates the autoignition behavior of two gasoline surrogates doped with an alkyl nitrate cetane enhancer, 2-ethy-hexyl nitrate (2EHN) to better understand dopant interactions with the fuels, including influences of accelerating kinetic pathways and enhanced exothermicity. A primary reference fuel (PRF) blend of n-heptane/iso-octane, and a toluene reference fuel (TRF) blend of n-heptane/iso-octane/toluene are used where the aromatic fraction of the latter is set to 20% (liquid volume), while the content of n-heptane is adjusted so that the overall reactivity of the undoped fuels is similar, e.g., Anti-Knock Index (AKI) of ~91, Cetane Number (CN) ~25. Doping levels of 0.1, 1.0 and 3.0% (liquid volume basis) are used where tests are conducted within a rapid compression machine (RCM) at a compressed pressure of 21 bar, covering temperatures from 675 to 1025 K with stoichiometric fuel-oxygen ratios at O 2 = 11.4%.At the experimental conditions, it is found that the doping effectiveness of 2EHN is fairly similar between the two fuels, though 2EHN is more effective in the aromatic blend at the lowest temperatures, while it is slightly more effective in the non-aromatic blend at intermediate temperatures. Kinetic modeling of the experiments indicates that although some of the reactivity trends can be captured using a detailed model, the extents of predicted Cetane Number enhancement by 2EHN are too large, while differences in fuel interactions for the two fuels results in excessive stimulation of the non-aromatic blend. Sensitivity analysis using the kinetic model indicates that the CH 2 O and CH 3 O 2 chemistry are very sensitive to the dopant at all conditions. The rate of 2EHN decomposition is only important at low temperatures where its decomposition rate is slow due to the high activation energy of the reaction. At higher temperatures, dopant-derived 3-heptyl radicals are predicted to play an important role stimulating ignition. Finally, nitrogen chemistry becomes important only at the highest doping levels, primarily through the formation of methyl and ethyl nitrite, and nitric acid.

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“…1), is currently added in significant amounts (0.05%-0.4%) to diesel oil to improve ignition and boost cetane number (Guibet and Faure 1999;Bornemann et al 2002). 2-EHN is a large-scale commodity, the worldwide production of which is estimated to be about 100,000 tons per year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradability of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (2-EHN), a cetane improver of diesel oil

Solano-Serena

Nicolau²,

Favreau³

et al. 2008

Biodegradation

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The 2-ethyhexyl nitrate (2-EHN) is currently added to diesel oil to improve ignition and boost cetane number. The biodegradability of this widely used chemical needed to be assessed in order to evaluate the environmental impact in case of accidental release. In aerobic liquid cultures, biodegradation of 2-EHN was assessed in biphasic liquid cultures using an inert non-aqueous phase liquid such as 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (HMN) as solvent for the hydrophobic substrate. 2-EHN was found to be biodegradable by microbial communities from refinery wastewater treatment plants, but was recalcitrant to those of urban wastewater treatment facilities. Out of eighteen hydrocarbon-polluted or non-polluted soil samples, six microbial populations were also able to degrade 2-EHN. However, strain isolation from these microbial populations was rather difficult suggesting close cooperation between members of the microbial communities. Specific axenic bacterial strains selected for their ability to catabolize recalcitrant-hydrocarbons were also tested for their capacity to degrade 2-EHN. In liquid cultures with HMN phase as non-aqueous phase liquid, some Mycobacterium austroafricanum strains were found to degrade and mineralize 2-EHN significantly.

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Thermal decomposition of 2‐ethylhexyl nitrate (2‐EHN)

Cited by 47 publications

References 10 publications

Research on the thermal history’s influence on the thermal stability of EHN and NC

Research on the thermal history’s influence on the thermal stability of EHN and NC

Experimental and modeling study of fuel interactions with an alkyl nitrate cetane enhancer, 2-ethyl-hexyl nitrate

Biodegradability of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (2-EHN), a cetane improver of diesel oil

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