Thermal decomposition and burning behavior of cellulose treated with ethyl ester phosphoramidates: Effect of alkyl substituent on nitrogen atom

Gaan, Sabyasachi; Rupper, Patrick; Salimova, Viktoriya; Heuberger, Manfred; Rabe, Stefan; Vogel, Frédéric

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.03.017

Cited by 134 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Indeed, if a flame-retardant acts in the condensed phase, less fuel is produced, resulting in a significant decrease of heat release. This barrier effect has also been observed with other matrices [4,9,24,65,72].…”

Section: Pyrolysis Combustion Flow Calorimetry (Pcfc) and It Modificasupporting

confidence: 78%

“…It is very difficult to monitor and identify the decomposition pathways of flame-retardants in gas phase. Some methods have recently been developed in order to analyze and quantify the decomposition products of a flame retardant in a polymeric matrix [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. With emerging analytical techniques, it has become possible to get a better understanding of the mode of action of flame-retardants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview of Mode of Action and Analytical Methods for Evaluation of Gas Phase Activities of Flame Retardants

et al. 2015

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Abstract:The latest techniques used to prove, describe and analyze the gas phase activity of a fire retardant used in polymeric materials are briefly reviewed. Classical techniques, such as thermogravimetric analysis or microscale combustion calorimetry, as well as complex and advanced analytical techniques, such as modified microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC), molecular beam mass spectroscopy and vacuum ultra violet (VUV) photoionization spectroscopy coupled with time of flight MS (TOF-MS), are described in this review. The recent advances in analytical techniques help not only in determining the gas phase activity of the flame-retardants but also identify possible reactive species responsible for gas phase flame inhibition. The complete understanding of the decomposition pathways and the flame retardant activity of a flame retardant system is essential for the development of new eco-friendly-tailored flame retardant molecules with high flame retardant efficiency.

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Section: Pyrolysis Combustion Flow Calorimetry (Pcfc) and It Modificasupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Mode of Action and Analytical Methods for Evaluation of Gas Phase Activities of Flame Retardants

et al. 2015

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“…Nitrogen-phosphorus (P-N) based compounds like phosphoramidates (PRs) have attracted some attention in the flame retardant community due to their synergistic interactions. Some phosphoramidate compounds have been shown to primarily act in condensed phase [3]. More recently we have reported efficient flame retardant action of phosphoramidate compounds in flame retardancy of flexible PU foams [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Flame retardant polyurethanes based on novel phosphonamidate additives

Gaan¹,

Neisius²,

Cuchere³

et al. 2014

Fire Saf. Sci.

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“…4), both PKS and MPKS show 2 pyrolysis steps: 258 °C to 317 °C (28 wt%) and 337 °C to 378 °C (35 wt%) for PKS; 253 °C to 302 °C (26 wt%) and 319 °C to 354 °C (35 wt%) for MPKS. The decomposition temperature of MPKS was lower than PKS because of the quaternary ammonium cations (NR 4 + ) present in MPKS that catalyzed the decomposition (Gaan et al 2009). The third region (above 400 °C) was due to the decomposition of lignin to char, which happened at a relatively low rate.…”

Section: Fig 3 Ftir Spectra Of Pks and Mpksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Novel Low-Cost Quaternized Adsorbent from Palm Oil Agriculture Waste for Reactive Dye Removal

Koay¹,

Ahamad²,

Mobarekeh³

et al. 2013

BioResources

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An attempt was made to chemically modify palm kernel shell (MPKS) to increase adsorption affinity towards Reactive Black 5 (RB5). Granulated palm kernel shell (PKS) was quaternized successfully by treating with N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride under alkaline conditions and was characterized. Surface characterization by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and BET analysis confirmed the surface pore enlargement from mesospores to macropores after modification. Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer and CHN analysis revealed that the quaternary ammonia group (NR 4 + ) was successfully reacted on MPKS fiber. pH 4 is the optimum for removal of RB5 on MPKS. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson models. The Redlich-Peterson model was found to fit well with the data. The maximum adsorption capacity of MPKS was 207.5 mg/g for adsorption of RB5.

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Thermal decomposition and burning behavior of cellulose treated with ethyl ester phosphoramidates: Effect of alkyl substituent on nitrogen atom

Cited by 134 publications

References 24 publications

An Overview of Mode of Action and Analytical Methods for Evaluation of Gas Phase Activities of Flame Retardants

An Overview of Mode of Action and Analytical Methods for Evaluation of Gas Phase Activities of Flame Retardants

Flame retardant polyurethanes based on novel phosphonamidate additives

Development of Novel Low-Cost Quaternized Adsorbent from Palm Oil Agriculture Waste for Reactive Dye Removal

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