Thermal Debinding and Sintering of water atomised SS316L Metal Injection Moulding Process

Amin, Azriszul Mohd; Ibrahim, Mohd Halim Irwan; Asmawi, Rosli; Mustaffa, Nor Azimah; Hashim, Mohd Yussni

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/226/1/012155

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In order to investigate the sintering behaviors of the GA and WA powders, green compacts (Ø10 mm × 10 mm) were prepared by cold pressing. Based on the results from previous researches [10][11][12][13], their sintering behaviors were investigated by a dilatometer (DIL, 402C, NETZSCH, Freistaat Bayern, Germany), where the samples were heated to 1390 • C at the rate of 10 • C/min and soaked at the temperature for 3 h before cooling down to room temperature at the cooling rate of 10 • C/min. Tensile bars with geometric configurations illustrated in Figure 2 were fabricated via MIM separately from the WA and GA 316L SS powders.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metal injection molding of 316L SS is an attractive net shape fabrication method due to its capability of mass production of parts with complex shapes [7][8][9], which has been extensively investigated by many researchers. The effect of debinding temperatures on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L SS was investigated by Amin et al [10]. The results illustrated that uniform microstructure and excellent mechanical properties had been obtained when the debinding temperature was maintained at 673 K. Manonukul et al [11] and Setasuwon et al [12] studied the effect of binders on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of injection molded 316L SS samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Microstructures and Fatigue Behaviors of 316L Stainless Steel Metal Injection Molded with Gas- and Water-Atomized Powders

Zhang

Feng

et al. 2018

Metals

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316L stainless steel samples are fabricated by metal injection molding using water-atomized and gas-atomized powder with different oxygen contents. The influences of oxygen on the microstructural evolution and fatigue properties of the samples are investigated. The oxygen tends to react with Mn and Si to form oxide particles during sintering. The oxides hamper the densification process and result in decreased sintered density. Moreover, their existence reduces the Mn and Si dissolving into the base metal and compromises the solution strengthening effect. The oxides lead to stress concentration in the tensile and fatigue tests and become the initiation sites of fatigue cracks. After sintering, the samples made from the gas-atomized powder have a much lower oxygen content compared to those made from the water-atomized powder, therefore, exhibiting much better mechanical properties. The tensile strength, yield strength and the elongation of the samples made from the gas-atomized powder are 560 MPa, 205 MPa, and 58%, respectively. Their fatigue lives are about one order of magnitude longer than the samples made from water-atomized powder, and also longer than those fabricated by powder metallurgy and selective laser sintering which were reported in other studies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Microstructures and Fatigue Behaviors of 316L Stainless Steel Metal Injection Molded with Gas- and Water-Atomized Powders

Zhang

Feng

et al. 2018

Metals

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“…% are provided in Table 4 for both sintering conditions. Compared to DIN 17440 stainless steel 316L, both of the sintered specimens have endured significant carbonization, which is associated with the small proportions of carbon residues from the organic binder mass [ 70 ], coupled with residues that are evaporated from the graphite crucible during the sintering treatment. To mitigate carbonization, it is advisable to study the effect of different crucibles on the chemical composition of high-density induction-sintered stainless steel 316 L.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect Induction Sintering of Metal Parts Produced through Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2023

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Avoiding loose powders and resins, material extrusion additive manufacturing is a powerful technique to produce near-net shape parts, being a cheap and safe alternative for developing complex industrial-grade products. Filaments embedded with a high packing density of metallic or ceramic granules are being increasingly used, resulting in almost fully dense parts, whereby geometries are shaped, debinded and sintered sequentially until the completion of the part. Traditionally, “brown” debinded geometries are transported to conventional furnaces to densify the powder compacts, requiring careful tailoring of the heating profiles and sintering environment. This approach is decoupled and often involves time-consuming post-processing, whereby after the completion of the shaping and debinding steps, the parts need to be transported to a sintering furnace. Here, it is shown that sintering via indirect induction heating of a highly filled commercially available filament embedded with stainless steel 316L powder can be an effective route to densify Fused Filament Fabricated (FFF) parts. The results show that densities of 99.8% can be reached with very short soaking times, representing a significant improvement compared to prior methods. A hybrid machine is proposed, whereby a custom-built machine is integrated with an induction heater to combine FFF with local indirect induction sintering. Sintering in situ, without the need for part transportation, simplifies the processing of metal parts produced through material extrusion additive manufacturing.

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“…It is widely used in many industries, such as mechanical engineering, the automotive industry, aerospace, the electrical industry, etc. [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Nevertheless, the process has some disadvantages that stand in the way of economical and agile production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, there are three types of debinding processes: catalytic debinding [ 8 , 19 ], solvent debinding [ 8 , 11 , 22 ], and thermal debinding [ 3 , 5 , 8 , 14 , 23 ]. In the catalytic debinding process, the binder polyacetal (POM) is broken down into formaldehyde using gaseous nitric acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Metal Parts under Variable 3D Printing and Sintering Orientations Using Bronze/PLA Hybrid Filament Coupled with Fused Filament Fabrication

et al. 2022

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Producing metal parts from Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D printing coupled with a metal/polymer hybrid filament, considering the advantages of high-performance and low cost, has generated considerable research interest recently. This paper addresses the studied relationship between variable printing/sintering directions and the properties of the sintered metal parts. It was shown that the printing directions played a significant role in determining the properties of final products, such as shrinkage, tensile stress, and porosity. The shrinkage in the layer direction because of anisotropic behavior is more minor than in the other dimensions. The microstructural analysis indicated that the printing directions had influenced the form and position of porosity on the produced metal parts. Most porosities occurred on the surfaces printed parallel to the printing bed. Furthermore, the sintering orientations had no possible benefits for dimension shrinkage, weight shrinkage, density, and porosity position of produced metal parts. However, the sintering direction “upright” resulted in parting lines inside the sintered tensile samples and made them fragile. The best printing-sintering combination was “on-edge-flat”.

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Thermal Debinding and Sintering of water atomised SS316L Metal Injection Moulding Process

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

On the Microstructures and Fatigue Behaviors of 316L Stainless Steel Metal Injection Molded with Gas- and Water-Atomized Powders

On the Microstructures and Fatigue Behaviors of 316L Stainless Steel Metal Injection Molded with Gas- and Water-Atomized Powders

Indirect Induction Sintering of Metal Parts Produced through Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing

Experimental Study on Metal Parts under Variable 3D Printing and Sintering Orientations Using Bronze/PLA Hybrid Filament Coupled with Fused Filament Fabrication

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