Thermal conductivity of aqueous sodium chloride solutions

Ramires, M. L. V.; Castro, C. A. Nieto de; Fareleira, João M. N. A.; Wakeham, W. A.

doi:10.1021/je00013a053

Cited by 58 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Thermal conductivities of DLA and RLA base fluids were measured at 0.570 ± 0.007 W/m·K and 0.582 ± 0.005 W/m·K, respectively. These values are within 5% of the tabulated values of [29] …”

Section: Thermal Conductivity Measurementssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Nonetheless, to minimize potential measurement biases, results are interpreted as a thermal conductivity ratio of nanofluid to the associated base fluid. Additions of NaCl are known to decrease water thermal conductivities [29]. Thus, base fluid thermal conductivities for DLA and RLA were determined by measuring thermal conductivities of nanopure water with appropriate amounts of NaCl added.…”

Section: Thermal Conductivity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizations of Nanofluid Heat Transfer Enhancements

Johnson¹

2013

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Nanoparticle morphology is thought to be an important factor influencing heat and mass transfer rates in liquid systems. How nanoparticles mechanistically increase heat and mass transfer rates is not well understood. Both dispersed nanoparticles and aggregated nanoparticles are thought to play important roles. Dispersed nanoparticles and associated nanoparticle Brownian movements are purported to cause the enhancements by mixing mechanisms whereas aggregated nanoparticles are purported to cause enhancements by forming highly conductive paths. In this study, morphologies of nanoparticle were quantified in laboratory studies and related to laboratory measured heat and mass transfer rates. No mass transfer enhancements were found in the presence of nanoparticles. Thermal conductivity could be predicted with effective medium theory when aggregated nanoparticle aspect ratio was considered. Nanoparticle morphology is thought to be an important factor influencing heat and mass transfer rates in liquid systems. How nanoparticles mechanistically increase heat and mass transfer rates is not well understood. Both dispersed nanoparticles and aggregated nanoparticles are thought to play important roles. Dispersed nanoparticles and associated nanoparticle Brownian movements are purported to cause the enhancements by mixing mechanisms whereas aggregated nanoparticles are purported to cause enhancements by forming highly conductive paths. In this study, morphologies of nanoparticle were quantified in laboratory studies and related to laboratory measured heat and mass transfer rates.Grant research objectives were to answer fundamental questions related to mechanisms of nanofluid heat transfer enhancer enhancements. Activities in part (1) were designed to answer the question of: Are enhancements related to Brownian nanoparticle motion? Activities in part (2) were conducted to answer the question of: Are enhancements related to the extent of particle aggregation and morphology of aggregated particles, and if so, can the extent of particle aggregation and associated heat transfer enhancements be characterized using fractal dimensions of aggregated nanoparticles? Study parts (1) and (2) comprise the majority of the research effort to satisfy objectives associated with rational for funding support. Additional activities in the final year of the grant were completed once these major research objectives had been met. In study part (3), the morphology characterization techniques developed to study heat transfer mechanisms ...

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Section: Thermal Conductivity Measurementssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Thermal Conductivity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizations of Nanofluid Heat Transfer Enhancements

Johnson¹

2013

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“…The measurement principle of KD2 is based on the transient hot-wire technique. Instead of using a bare wire, an electrically isolated thermal probe coated with a thin coating of an insulator is used as the ionic liquids are electrically conducting liquids (Ramires et al, 1994;Chen et al, 2008;Nunes et al, 2010). The thermal probe of this KD2 analyzer has 1.3 mm diameter and 60 mm length and contains both the heating element and thermoresistor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Properties of Ionic Liquids and Ionanofluids

Ribeiro¹,

Vieira²,

França³

et al. 2011

Ionic Liquids: Theory, Properties, New Approaches

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“…As the first class of solid electrolytes is well studied [5][6][7][8][9][10], the electrical and optical properties of solid electrolytes of the second class are being intensively investigated. Among them are high temperature phases of α-Li 2 SO 4 (586-860 °C), α-Ag 2 SO 4 (412-660 °C) sulfates of one-valent metals (Li + , Na + and Ag + ) and also solids Li 2 SO 4 -Na 2 SO 4 and Li 2 SO 4 -Ag 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic Investigation of Composite Polymeric and Monocrystalline Systems with Ionic Conductivity

Radziuk¹,

Möhwald²

2011

Polymers

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Abstract:The conductivity mechanism is studied in the LiCF 3 SO 3 -doped polyethylene oxide by monitoring the vibrations of sulfate groups and mobility of Li + ion along the polymeric chain at different EO/Li molar ratios in the temperature range from 16 to 90 °С. At the high EO/Li ratio (i.e., 30), the intensity of bands increases and a triplet appears at 1,045 cm −1 , indicating the presence of free anions, ionic pairs and aggregates. The existence of free ions in the polymeric electrolyte is also proven by the red shift of bands in Raman spectra and a band shift to the low frequency Infra-red region at 65 < T < 355 °С. Based on quantum mechanical modeling, (method MNDO/d), the energies (minimum and maximum) correspond to the most probable and stable positions of Li + along the polymeric chain. At room temperature, Li + ion overcomes the intermediate state (minimum energy) through non-operating transitions (maximum energy) due to permanent intrapolymeric rotations (rotation of C, H and O atoms around each other). In solid electrolyte (Li 2 SO 4 ) the mobility of Li + ions increases in the temperature range from 20 to 227 °С, yielding higher conductivity. The results of the present work can be practically applied to a wide range of compact electronic devices, which are based on polymeric or solid electrolytes.

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Thermal conductivity of aqueous sodium chloride solutions

Cited by 58 publications

References 10 publications

Characterizations of Nanofluid Heat Transfer Enhancements

Characterizations of Nanofluid Heat Transfer Enhancements

Thermal Properties of Ionic Liquids and Ionanofluids

Spectroscopic Investigation of Composite Polymeric and Monocrystalline Systems with Ionic Conductivity

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