Thermal Characteristics of Vertically Spreading Cable Fires in Confined Compartments

Huang, Xianjia; He, Zhu; Peng, Lan; Zheng, Zihui; Zeng, Wuyong; Bi, Ke; Cheng, C.S. Agnes; Chow, Wan Ki

doi:10.1007/s10694-019-00833-9

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The average values of the highest temperature of the two-cores, three-cores, and four-cores cables are calculated and the results are 554.8 • C, 548 • C, 555.2 • C, respectively. This is different from the results of Huang et al [2,36], who found that the average value of highest temperature rises as the number of cores increases. The difference in results could be attributed to the difference in experimental conditions.…”

Section: Temperature Distributioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

“…This induces potential fire hazard because aging cable material, short circuit, and high-temperature environment will possibly cause the PVC insulation layer to be ignited. In ordinary life, electric fire accounts for approximately 60% of the total fire accidents [2]. In the chemical industry, cable fires may cause the explosion of chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Study on Flammability and Flame Spread Characteristics of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Cable

Tang

Liang

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is widely applied in cables as insulation materials, which are vital for operation and control of industrial processes. However, PVC cables fires frequently occur, arousing public concern. Therefore, experimental methods are used to study flammability and flame-spread characteristics of PVC cable in this paper. Influences of cable structure and number are investigated, which is scanty in previous works. As cable core number of single cable or cable number of multiple cables rises, average flame height and width increase while the increment decreases. Formulas concerning dimensionless flame height and single cable diameter (or total width of multiple cables) are obtained. The former is negatively correlated with the latter. For single cable, convective heat transfer is dominant, and flame-spread rate decreases as cable core number increases. Cable maximum temperature, which drops first and then rises as cable core number increases, is observed in the cable core area. For multiple cable, the flame-spread rate increases as cable number increases. As the cable number rises, the length of pyrolysis and combustion zone increases while the maximum temperature of cable surface decreases. This work is beneficial to fire hazard evaluation and safety design of PVC cables.

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Section: Temperature Distributioncontrasting

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Flammability and Flame Spread Characteristics of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Cable

Tang

Liang

et al. 2020

Polymers

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show abstract

“…For example, Huang et al have compared the flame spread on vertical cable trays with different arrangements (0 or 8 mm spacing between cables). They found that the flame spread is much faster when spacing is 8 mm [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ignition and Charring of PVC-Based Electric Cables

Meinier

Fellah

Sonnier³

et al. 2021

Fire Technol

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The ignition of four different PVC-based electric cables was studied using cone calorimeter and the influence of the charring phenomenon on ignition was investigated. The thermophysical and optical properties of the sheaths before decomposition were measured. The kinetics of charring was studied by photogrammetry. It was shown that charring occurs for three cables before ignition at heat flux lower than 45 kW/m 2 . The lower is the heat flux, the higher is the char amount at ignition. In spite of the char formation, it was observed that the time-to-ignition of the cables can be properly calculated using the well-known Quintiere's equation, considering an apparent temperature of ignition. This apparent temperature at ignition was found in the range 312°C to 349°C for the four electric cables.

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“…A fire source is essential in experimental simulation. As far as we know, there are mainly four types of fire sources, including gas burner [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], heat radiation fire source [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], Electric heating fire source [22], and Oil pan fire source [23,24]. Although these fire sources could ignite the power cable, they could not simulate the ignition of cable fire by arc discharge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Arc Size on the Ignition and Flame Propagation of Cable Fire

Chen

Zhang

et al. 2021

Energies

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Cable fire caused by arc faults is one of the essential factors threatening the safe operation of a power system. The ignition and flame propagation of cable fire dependent on the characteristics of the arc discharge is lackingin in-depth understanding at present. In this work, with the constant electric power deposited into the arc discharge, the effects of arc size on the ignition and flame propagation of 110 kV XLPE cable fire are investigated for the first time. The arc size is changed by varying the gap distance of electrodes from 1.5 cm to 2.5 cm. It is interesting to find that the larger the arc size is, the faster the cable fire is ignited and propagates, and the larger the damaged area of the sheath of the cable is. Therein, when the gap distance increases from 1.3 cm to 3.1 cm, the equivalent impedance and the length of the arc discharge increase nearly seven times and three times, respectively. However, the gas temperature of the arc decreases slightly from 2280 K to 2100 K. In addition, a 3D model of the cable fire ignited by arc discharge is computed by Pyrosim software with fire dynamic simulation (FDS) module. Simulated results show that as the arc size increases, the cable fire is ignited faster, the flame propagates both vertically and horizontally increasing significantly, which is agreed well with the experimental results. This study deepens the understanding of the cable fire ignited by arc discharge and therefore it is useful for the evaluation and prevention of cable fire.

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Thermal Characteristics of Vertically Spreading Cable Fires in Confined Compartments

Cited by 23 publications

References 20 publications

Experimental Study on Flammability and Flame Spread Characteristics of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Cable

Experimental Study on Flammability and Flame Spread Characteristics of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Cable

Ignition and Charring of PVC-Based Electric Cables

Influence of Arc Size on the Ignition and Flame Propagation of Cable Fire

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