Thermal behaviour of melamine-modified urea–formaldehyde resins

Siimer, Kadri; Kaljuvee, Tiit; Pehk, Tõnis; Lasn, I.

doi:10.1007/s10973-009-0617-z

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Both DSC curves of liquid and solid UF resins showed a single exothermic T p where the rate of curing reaction reached the maximum conversion rate. This exothermic T p could be due to heat release from polycondensation reactions of mono-, di-, or tri-hydroxymethyl groups (-CH 2 OH) in UF resins [21,22]. T p values of liquid UF resins ranged from 75 to 118°C, depending on F/U mole ratio and heating rate ( Table 2), which is compatible with other studies [5,23] with a range from 75 to 100°C.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparison of thermal curing behavior of liquid and solid urea–formaldehyde resins with different formaldehyde/urea mole ratios

Nuryawan

Park

Singh

2014

J Therm Anal Calorim

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This study was undertaken to compare thermal cure kinetics of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins, in both liquid and solid forms as a function of formaldehyde/urea (F/U) mole ratio, using multi-heating rate methods of differential scanning calorimetry. The requirement of peak temperature (T p ), heat of reaction (DH) and activation energy (E) for the cure of four F/U mole ratio UF resins (1.6, 1.4, 1.2 and 1.0) was investigated. Both types of UF resins showed a single T p , which ranged from 75 to 118°C for liquid resins, and from 240 to 275°C for solid resins. As the F/U mole ratio decreased, T p values increased for both liquid and solid resins. DH values of solid resins were much greater than those of liquid resins, indicating a greater energy requirement for the cure of solid resins. The DH value of liquid UF resins increased with decreasing in F/U mole ratio whereas it was opposite for solid resins, with much variation. The activation energy (E a ) values calculated by Kissinger method were greater for solid UF resins than for liquid resins. The activation energy (E a ) values calculated by isoconversional method which showed that UF resins in liquid or solid state at F/U mole ratio of 1.6 followed a multi-step reaction in their cure kinetics. These results demonstrated that thermal curing behavior of solid UF resin differed greatly from that of liquid resins, because of a greater branched network structure in the former.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparison of thermal curing behavior of liquid and solid urea–formaldehyde resins with different formaldehyde/urea mole ratios

Nuryawan

Park

Singh

2014

J Therm Anal Calorim

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“…Further heating caused breakage of S-S, O-N, and O-O linkages, and finally protein backbone peptide bonds were decomposed, producing various gases such as CO, CO 2 , NH 3 , and H 2 S. The first weight loss stage (5%) of PBG, from 50 to 170°C, was due to the residue water and the water that resulted from the condensation reaction. The exothermic peak due to PBG curing overlapped with the endothermic effects of water evaporation [31]. Almost 60% weight loss occurred in the second stage with a peak temperature of 320°C; it was caused by decomposition of the most stable unit in the PBG resinmethylenediurea [32].…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysismentioning

confidence: 97%

Soy Protein Adhesive Blends with Synthetic Latex on Wood Veneer

Sun

2010

J Americ Oil Chem Soc

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Environmental pollution has prompted an interest in and a need for bio-based wood adhesives. Modified soy protein has shown adhesion properties similar to those of formaldehyde based adhesives. The objective of this research was to investigate the compatibility of a modified soy protein (MSP) with six commercial synthetic latex adhesives (SLAs). Four different blending ratios of MSP and SLAs were studied. Adhesion; structural change; and rheological, thermal, and morphological properties of the MSP/SLAs blends were characterized. Dry adhesion strength of MSP, SLAs and their blends were all similar with 100% wood cohesive failure. Water resistance of all six SLAs was improved by blending with MSP in terms of the wet adhesion strength. The wet adhesion strength of MSP/PBG (40/60) blends was 6.416 MPa, as compared to 4.66 MPa of pure PBG (press bond glue, urea formaldehyde based resin). Viscosity of MSP/SLAs blends was reduced significantly and reached the lowest value at 40-60% MSP. Infrared spectra, thermal properties, and morphological images indicated that chemical reactions occurred between soy protein and PBG molecules. The MSP provided some functional groups, such as carboxylic (-COOH), hydroxyl (-OH) and amino groups (-NH 2 ), that cross-linked with hydroxymethyl groups (-CH 2 -OH) of PBG, and also acted as an acidic catalyst for the selfpolymerization of urea formaldehyde based resin.

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“…Rupture of methylene ether link corresponds to two peaks in 260 ℃ and 279 ℃ in image DTG, and methylene corresponds to peak in 305 ℃ in DTG. Weight loss is about 7% in the third phase, and it mainly takes place co-carbonization reaction to remove N, H, O and other elements [13]. The remaining part is mainly TiO 2 , and TiO 2 content available is about 12.8% which can be converted to about 15.68% metatitanic acid of the composite particles so that organic component of composite particles is about 84.32%, so the organic and inorganic ratio of composite particles is 5.38:1.…”

Section: Study On Composite Particle Profile and Group Assignments Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitor performance and the preparation study of urea formaldehyde resin matrix composite particle

Lin¹,

Yan²,

Li³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of The6th International Conference on Mechatronics, Materials, Biotechnology and Environment (ICMMBE 2016)

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Abstract. In order to improve the service life of weapons, an erosion additives of urea formaldehyde(UF) resin matrix composite particle is prepared by using in-situ polymerization method. The morphology composite particle is represented through scanning electron microscope, and the thermal analysis method is utilized to determine the organic and inorganic components proportion of erosion inhibitors. Finally, a contrasting ablation tube test is made to test its inhibitor performance. The experimental results show that the prepared inhibitor has a good particle dispersion and uniformity. The allocation ratio of organic and inorganic components is about 5.38:1. Compared to erosion inhibitor efficiency of standard propellant, that of the prepared erosion inhibitor can reach 17.56%. The application of this type of erosion inhibitor can decrease the ablative properties of the propellant, which is expected to reduce the erosion problems of high energy propellant.

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Thermal behaviour of melamine-modified urea–formaldehyde resins

Cited by 38 publications

References 15 publications

Comparison of thermal curing behavior of liquid and solid urea–formaldehyde resins with different formaldehyde/urea mole ratios

Comparison of thermal curing behavior of liquid and solid urea–formaldehyde resins with different formaldehyde/urea mole ratios

Soy Protein Adhesive Blends with Synthetic Latex on Wood Veneer

Inhibitor performance and the preparation study of urea formaldehyde resin matrix composite particle

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