Thermal behaviour of basic oxygen furnace waste slag

Electric arc furnace slag and its use in hydraulic concrete

“…The similarity between the oxides, which may even be present in similar proportions in both EAFS and LD converter slag (Linz-Donawitz converter slag) or BOF-slag, (Basic Oxygen Furnace slag) and their common stony-gravel presentation, might lead to the erroneous impression that they are the same material. However, these products differ slightly, due the lower amount of free calcium oxide, CaO, also called free lime [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68] in the EAFS, which also explains its lower expansiveness. Nowadays, the use of EAFS as a coarse aggregate in hydraulic concrete is widely accepted, while LD-slag is mainly applied in roadbeds.…”

Caged Substrates for Protein Labeling and Immobilization

“…These waste materials, although quantitatively limited, in fact prove readily reactive toward CO 2 at significantly milder operating conditions than Mg or Ca silicate minerals, and could be used to sequester part of the CO 2 emitted from specific industrial facilities. In addition, carbonation has been shown to improve the leaching behavior and mechanical properties of different types of residues 2,12–141…”

“…The most investigated process route for the carbonation of alkaline residues is the direct aqueous route,1,3,9,12 which involves the dissolution of the reactive phases and the precipitation of Ca carbonates in a single stage. To a lower extent, experiments have also been conducted using the direct gas–solid reaction, in which carbonation occurs directly at the gas–solid interface for temperatures above 400 °C 15,16. To enhance Ca dissolution from the matrix and to produce a pure calcium carbonate product, an indirect aqueous route in which the dissolution and precipitation processes are carried out in separate steps, has also been tested 10,11.…”

The recycling and reuse of steelmaking slags — A review

“…For example, if the slag is used in a road surface that gets wet, the free lime expansion can cause the road surface to fracture (Gautier et al, 2013). Basic oxygen steelmaking slag volume expansion has been recorded to be as much as 10% (Mikhail and Turcotte, 1995). At ambient temperature, the reaction proceeds with the formation of the hydroxide (Eq.…”