The recycling and reuse of steelmaking slags — A review

Fisher, Lucy V.; Barron, Andrew R.

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.03.010

Cited by 186 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Recently, some critical aspects on the steel slags use have been highlighted. Such aspects concern their volume instability (due to the free lime exposure to moisture) and their leaching behaviour (due to the content of metals that can cause water or soil pollution) [40]. On the other hand, steel slags can be used for replacing natural sand as aggregate in cement, often in combination with its CO 2 sequestration properties.…”

Section: Recent Developments In Slags Reusementioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse and Recycling of By-Products in the Steel Sector: Recent Achievements Paving the Way to Circular Economy and Industrial Symbiosis in Europe

Branca

Colla

Algermissen

et al. 2020

Metals

147

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Over the last few decades, the European steel industry has focused its efforts on the improvement of by-product recovery and quality, based not only on existing technologies, but also on the development of innovative sustainable solutions. These activities have led the steel industry to save natural resources and to reduce its environmental impact, resulting in being closer to its “zero-waste” goal. In addition, the concept of Circular Economy has been recently strongly emphasised at a European level. The opportunity is perceived of improving the environmental sustainability of the steel production by saving primary raw materials and costs related to by-products and waste landfilling. The aim of this review paper was to analyse the most recent results on the reuse and recycling of by-products of the steelmaking cycles as well as on the exploitation of by-products from other activities outside the steel production cycle, such as alternative carbon sources (e.g., biomasses and plastics). The most relevant results are identified and a global vision of the state-of-the-art is extracted, in order to provide a comprehensive overview of the main outcomes achieved by the European steel industry and of the ongoing or potential synergies with other industrial sectors.

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Section: Recent Developments In Slags Reusementioning

confidence: 99%

Reuse and Recycling of By-Products in the Steel Sector: Recent Achievements Paving the Way to Circular Economy and Industrial Symbiosis in Europe

Branca

Colla

Algermissen

et al. 2020

Metals

147

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For SEM-EDX (Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) analysis, the samples were embedded in a low-viscosity epoxy resin and gradually polished down to 1 4 -µm diamond powder grit size. The samples were coated with Pt-Pd prior to microscopic analysis.…”

Section: Mineralogy and Mineral Liberationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slags are an integral part of steel and ferrochrome (FeCr) production, as they capture impurities so that high-quality metals can be produced. Steelmaking slags are commonly divided into basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS or BOF), electric arc furnace (EAF), and ladle slags based on the method of production, as detailed in [1,2]. In Europe, 18.4 Mt of steelmaking slags were produced in 2016, of which 57% are BOS, 7.3% are EAF stainless steel slags (SS), and 25% are EAF carbon steel slags (CS) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Analytical Characterization of Slags to Determine the Chromium Concentration for a Possible Re-Extraction

et al. 2019

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The CHROMIC project (effiCient mineral processing and Hydrometallurgical RecOvery of by-product Metals from low-grade metal contaIning seCondary raw materials) aims to recover chromium from steelmaking and ferrochrome slags to regain valuable resources and simultaneously reduce potential environmental impacts. To develop the recovery flowsheets and reliably calculate metal recovery, an accurate assessment of chromium concentration and distribution is essential. Therefore, model streams were thoroughly characterized using a combination of analytical techniques. In all materials, chromium is present in distinct but often small spinel phases, intergrown with other minerals and showing a considerable zonation in Cr content with higher amounts in the cores. The small size of the Cr-rich particles makes recovery by mineral processing challenging. Measured chromium content was found to differ largely based on the chemical dissolution method applied. The analysis of insoluble residues and comparison with a standard reference material evidenced that standard acid dissolution procedures based on HCl/HNO3/HBF4 and HNO3/HF/H2O2 are insufficient to fully dissolve spinel structures, leading to severe underestimations of chromium content. A sodium peroxide treatment is required for a full dissolution of spinels. This is noteworthy, since most of the legislation for the reuse of slags is currently based on acid dissolution methods.

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“…However, only 29.5% of the steel slag resources in China have been utilized and others have been dumped on a large scale, occupying land resources and polluting environment [9]. Fortunately, steel slag has superior physical and mechanical properties, such as higher specific gravity, roughness, wear resistance, and crushing resistance, in comparison with natural aggregate [11,12]. If steel slag is feasible in road construction for seasonal frozen regions, it will help to alleviate the issue of natural aggregate shortage and environmental pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Evaluation on the Performance of Porous Asphalt Mixture with Steel Slag for Seasonal Frozen Regions

et al. 2019

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Porous asphalt mixtures with steel slag (PAM-SS), as an eco-friendly and low-cost pavement material, are conducive to addressing the issue of urban floods and natural resource shortages. The primary objective of this paper was to explore the feasibility of the application of PAM-SS for seasonal frozen regions, and ascertain the optimal replacement percentage of natural aggregate. Steel slag coarse aggregate (SSCA) was used to replace basalt coarse aggregate (BCA) at four levels (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) by equal volume. The volume characteristics, mechanical properties, low-temperature cracking resistance, water stability, and freeze-thaw (F-T) durability of the mixture were assessed. The results indicated that the low-temperature cracking resistance of the mixture was significantly enhanced and acoustic emission (AE) energy was uniformly released by the incorporation of steel slag. Furthermore, the porosity, permeability, Marshall stability (MS), and the resistance against water damage and F-T cycles were also significantly improved. Based on the experimental results, the complete replacement of natural aggregate is advisable to obtain an optimal overall performance.

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The recycling and reuse of steelmaking slags — A review

Cited by 186 publications

References 76 publications

Reuse and Recycling of By-Products in the Steel Sector: Recent Achievements Paving the Way to Circular Economy and Industrial Symbiosis in Europe

Reuse and Recycling of By-Products in the Steel Sector: Recent Achievements Paving the Way to Circular Economy and Industrial Symbiosis in Europe

Multi-Analytical Characterization of Slags to Determine the Chromium Concentration for a Possible Re-Extraction

Laboratory Evaluation on the Performance of Porous Asphalt Mixture with Steel Slag for Seasonal Frozen Regions

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