Oxetanes, four-membered cyclic ethers, have a ring strain energy (SE) of approximately 110 kJ mol À1 [1] and polar properties of the CO bonds (Figure 7.1). Thus, similar to the synthetic utility of oxiranes (epoxides, SE ¼ 114 kJ mol À1 ), the ringopening reaction of oxetanes, accompanying bond-formation reactions, would be very useful for synthetic purposes [2]. Since the oxetane ring is an important structural component of biologically active compounds, such as merrilactone A [3], thromboxane A2 [4], oxetanocin [5], oxetin [6], taxane alkaloids [7], and laureacetal-B [8], efficient and selective methods to synthesize the strained structure are currently active areas of research. Moreover, oxetane-ring-containing compounds are important industrial curing agents [9]. As a consequence, there are today over 2900 patents which include the term oxetane as a key word.All of these findings clearly indicate that the demand for synthetic oxetanes is high. There are basically three methods for preparing oxetanes:1. The intramolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction. 2. The ring-expansion reaction of epoxides. 3. The thermal and photochemical [2 þ 2] cycloaddition reaction of alkenes with carbonyls.The intramolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction -for example, the Williamson-type reaction -represents one of the important methods for preparing oxetane ring structures, and have been widely applied to the synthesis of oxetanes (Scheme 7.1) [10]. Unfortunately, side reactions -which include fragmentation from the intermediary alkoxide anion or elimination from the intermediary carbocation -often decrease the chemical yields of oxetane formation.The ring-expansion reaction of epoxides was first reported by Okuma and coworkers, to produce less-substituted oxetanes (Scheme 7.2) [11]. The nucleophilic attack by dimethyloxosulfonium methylide is proposed to react with the lessHandbook of Synthetic Photochemistry. Edited