“…On the other hand, thermal modeling of VCSELs is essential in order to optimization (Marjani, et al, 2011b;Marjani, et al, 2011c;Marjani and Marjani, 2012a;Marjani, 2013). Therefore, previous researchers presented thermal modeling of VCSELs with various levels of combined physics and self--consistency (Piprek, et al, 2000;Piprek, 2002;Streiff, et al, 2003;Rissons, et al, 2003;Qi, et al, 2010). Also, a coupled electro--opto--thermal VCSEL simulation model developed for moderate injection level below the thermal rollover condition of VCSEL (Streiff, et al, 2003).…”