Thermal and mechanical characteristics of local firewood species and resulting charcoal produced by slow pyrolysis

Lubwama, Michael; Yiga, Vianney Andrew; Ssempijja, Ivan; Lubwama, Harriet Nalubega

doi:10.1007/s13399-021-01840-z

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 64 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…Species with higher calorific values were observed to have higher fixed carbon. Thus, the fixed carbon content of biomass directly influences the calorific value [16]. The values obtained are consistent with the calorific values of some native wood species in Africa [16][17][18].…”

Section: Thermochemical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Thus, the fixed carbon content of biomass directly influences the calorific value [16]. The values obtained are consistent with the calorific values of some native wood species in Africa [16][17][18]. While moisture content significantly influences the energy content of fuels [35], this fact is not consistent with all the samples in this study possibly due to the moisture loss during pretreatment.…”

Section: Thermochemical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 71%

“…This ranges from the study of [15] in Nigeria where species predominantly found in the South-Western part of Nigeria were characterized. Others include the study of [16] in Uganda, [17] in Senegal, [18] in Botswana, and [19] in Ghana among others. Most of the analyzed properties (calorific value, ash content, Nitrogen, and Sulfur content) of the wood species conform with the International Organization for Standardization ISO 17225-2, European Norm (ENplus) as set by the European Pellet Council, the German Institute for Standardization (DIN 51731/ DINplus) and the Austrian standard (ÖNORM M7135) for wood pellets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Physical and Thermochemical Properties of Selected Wood Species in Nigeria: A Fuel Suitability and Pelleting Potential Assessment

Yunusa,

Narra,

Mensah

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Scientific studies on the impact of wood species on solid fuel production, performance, and sustainability are grossly inadequate. The knowledge of this is imperative as users of solid fuels are increasing rapidly, especially in Africa. On this note, it becomes necessary to explore measures that will improve its efficiency and sustainability as an energy source. This study investigates some properties of selected wood species used as an energy source in Nigeria and their pelleting potential. Nine (9) samples were characterized and assessed for suitability of pelleting following four wood pellet quality standards. The findings revealed Anogeissus leiocarpus as the species with the best rating score in terms of fuel properties while Vitellaria paradoxa as the lowest. However, in terms of conformity with the four wood pellets standards, Khaya senegalensis, Parkia biglobosa and Anogeissus leiocarpus having presented density, calorific value, sulfur, arsenic, cadmium, and lead within the limits of the wood pellet quality standards were considered the best wood species in terms of fuel suitability and pelleting potential. The findings therefore suggest that not all wood species are suitable as fuel. Thus, for species that do not meet the standard wood pellet requirements, alternatives such as the use of biomass blends, additives, or process adjustments can be employed to adapt the quality to the standards or by using the fuels in improved cookstoves.

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Section: Thermochemical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Thermochemical Propertiessupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Physical and Thermochemical Properties of Selected Wood Species in Nigeria: A Fuel Suitability and Pelleting Potential Assessment

Yunusa,

Narra,

Mensah

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Uganda households' projected demand for charcoal and firewood for cooking in 2020 was 2.1 and 17.01 million metric tons, respectively [61]. Considering the average calorific values for charcoal and firewood in Uganda are 26.25 and 14 MJ/kg, respectively [62,63], the total biomass energy demand for cooking in 2020 was 293.3 PJ. The energy potential presented is assumed to be a gross value at 100% efficiency when all the residues are utilized.…”

Section: Lignocellulosic Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Uganda’s Main Agri-Food Value Chain Wastes for Gasification

Olupot,

Mibulo,

Nayebare

2023

Energies

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Agricultural residues are a source of energy derived through various conversion processes. They are gaining attention as a solution to limited energy access in developing countries in which a majority of the population depends on agriculture for a living at a time when global population growth is outpacing the depreciation of conventional energy sources. This study characterized residues generated along the main agri-food value chains in Uganda for gasification by reviewing relevant literature and through field measurements and laboratory experiments. Maize, beans, cassava, banana, coffee, and sugarcane are the most important value chains, occupying 5.73 million hectares, and accounting for 40% of the country’s total area under cultivation. In terms of biomass residues, banana, maize, and sugarcane are the most feasible options, producing 4.18, 2.2, and 0.6 metric tons of biomass waste per ton, respectively. The bulk densities vary from 65.5 to 160 kg/m3, moisture content from 6.67 to 22.5%, and heating values from 12.6 to 16.74 MJ/kg for all residues. In terms of principal elements, oxygen has the highest proportion of 38.76–57.25% followed by carbon, 33.46–47.9%, and hydrogen 6%. The lignocellulosic composition is 23.46–41.38% hemicellulose, 9.9–55% cellulose, and 5.77–35% lignin. The three value chains have the potential to generate 172.2 PJ annually, which is enough to offset 50% of the cooking energy demands for Uganda. The main disadvantage of this is the low bulk density, which raises production costs and reduces conversion efficiency. Bulk density can be improved by densification through the compaction of residues. Given their composition and current utilization, maize stover, banana leaves, banana pseudo stems, and sugarcane tops are promising gasification feedstocks.

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“…The results obtained for the moisture content, higher calorific value, ash content, percentage volatility and specific mass of the fuel are presented in Table 9. , 2019;LUBWAMA et al, 2021;RESENDE et al, 2022).…”

Section: Properties Of the Fuels Usedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and evaluation of a wood furnace for grain drying

Yusuf¹

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The use of wood furnaces for thermal energy application in grain dryers is common in Brazil, however, contaminations of the products and environmental effects due to incomplete combustion and its excessive use in drying are major challenges. In this study, a wood furnace was designed, build and its performance was evaluated for mixed and indirect heating of the drying air. The design of the combustion chamber volume, combustion cell, grate area, and heat exchanger were based on the following demands: thermal energy from 15 to 30 kW (12,898 to 25,795 kcal. h -1 ), drying air flow rate from 35 to 45 m³ min -1 and drying air temperature from 50 to 80 °C. Considering experimental data, quadratic regression models were adjusted to describe the temperatures in furnace compartments. These regressions were used to develop a simulation model using Extend TM simulation language to predict the performance of the furnace considering the desired drying air temperature. To determine the efficiency, furnace operation was simulated considering four drying air temperatures 50, 60, 70, and 80 °C, and six combinations of operation times in mixed and indirect heating during 0 and 119 min, 5 and 114 min, 10 and 109 min, 15 and 104 min, 20 and 99 min, and 30 and 89 min, respectively. The simulation result shows that for mixed and indirect heating of 5 and 114 min, respectively, the best outcomes for drying air temperatures of 50, 60, and 70 °C were the efficiency of 32, 44, and 55%, during 99.2, 98.4, and 95.5% of operation time. However, the best outcome was the efficiency of 64% during 93.5% of operating time using the drying air temperature of 80 °C and mixed and indirect heating during 10 and 109 min, respectively. Keywords: Eucalyptus. Combustion. Indirect and mixed heating. Modeling and simulation. Thermal efficiency.

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Thermal and mechanical characteristics of local firewood species and resulting charcoal produced by slow pyrolysis

Cited by 18 publications

References 64 publications

Physical and Thermochemical Properties of Selected Wood Species in Nigeria: A Fuel Suitability and Pelleting Potential Assessment

Physical and Thermochemical Properties of Selected Wood Species in Nigeria: A Fuel Suitability and Pelleting Potential Assessment

Characterization of Uganda’s Main Agri-Food Value Chain Wastes for Gasification

Development and evaluation of a wood furnace for grain drying

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