Thermal and Electrochemical Analysis of Thermal Runaway Propagation of Samsung Cylindrical Cells in Lithium-ion Battery Modules

Abstract

Thermal runaway propagation analysis at the module and cell level was performed using the Samsung 30Q 18650 cylindrical cells. Measurements such as cell enthalpy, maximum thermal runaway temperature, and thermal runaway onset and initiation temperatures were collected and shown to be consistent by means of accelerated rate calorimetry. Using the X-57 module billet as a thermal runaway propagation mitigation strategy, this study showed that the cell energy was successfully absorbed during a failure event and prevented thermal runaway propagation from between cells. However, the module level tests showed average maximum temperatures that were 229°C higher than the average maximum temperatures in the cell level tests, showing the importance of evaluating both the cell level thermal runaway response and the module level response, as they can be different.

A Study of Thermal Runaway Mechanisms in Lithium-Ion Batteries and Predictive Numerical Modeling Techniques

“…Q cell is the heat generated by the test cell during the TR event, A cell is the surface area of the cell that is available for heat transfer, ϵ is the emissivity of the cell, σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, T ambient is the ambient system or ARC temperature, and h is the convective heat transfer coefficient. A lumped thermal model approach is not always an accurate assumption but is a sufficient assumption if the Biot number is less than 0.1, as shown in Equation (2).…”

“…For experiments conducted in the ARC, the convection coefficient was small enough that the conduction coefficient was much larger, and, thus, the Biot number requirement to utilize a lumped thermal model was satisfied. To void the lumped thermal model assumption, the Biot number must be larger than 0.1, according to Equation (2). For an 18650 cell, this was not violated until the convection coefficient rose above 925 W /m 2 K, which was two orders of magnitude larger than that experienced in the ARC of 9.63 W /m 2 K, wherein the Biot number associated with the natural convection coefficient was 0.001.…”

“…The aerospace industry's demand for lithium-ion batteries is expected to grow at a similar rate as the automotive industry [1]. As a result, the advancement of lithium-ion battery safety is a critical enabling technology for electrification [2].…”

Overview of the Thermal Runaway in Lithium-Ion Batteries with Application in Electric Vehicles: Working Principles, Early Warning, and Future Outlooks

“…Another danger is the possibility of damaged battery cells experiencing uncontrollable temperature and pressure, which can result in dangers including battery fire and explosion. 20,21 Therefore, the issue of temperature control during operation as well as during charging and discharging times has become an urgent requirement for all types of electric vehicles, leading to an explosion in research on them. In this review, the goal of this work is to assess the study by in-depth analysis of the thermal runaway in connection with early warning predictions of thermal runaway, which may assist in understanding how the phenomena of thermal runaway start and spread outside the battery cell.…”

“…Emergency personnel exposed to high-voltage components of damaged LIBs during fires in electric cars powered by high-voltage lithium-ion batteries run the danger of receiving an electric shock. Another danger is the possibility of damaged battery cells experiencing uncontrollable temperature and pressure, which can result in dangers including battery fire and explosion. , Therefore, the issue of temperature control during operation as well as during charging and discharging times has become an urgent requirement for all types of electric vehicles, leading to an explosion in research on them.…”