Thermal analysis and measurement of a solar pond prototype to study the non-convective zone salt gradient stability

Busquets, Enrique; Kumar, Vinod; Motta, Javier; Chacon, Rene; Lu, Haoliang

doi:10.1016/j.solener.2012.01.029

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Wang et al used Giestas et al formulation for linear and nonlinear stability studies [113] . In 2012, Boudhiaf et al revealed that the buoyancy ratio is important in reducing the UCZ temperature and maintaining the LCZ temperature [114] , Busquets et al found that mass diffusion and convection in the LCZ accelerate the NCZ [115] and Husain et al investigated the inclusion of an additional 50 mm salt-gradient zone between the NCZ and UCZ [116] .…”

Section: Stability and Double-diffusivity Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinity-gradient solar pond: History and progress review

Sleiman,

Vaerenbergh,

Hamieh

2023

Therm. Sci. Eng.

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A salinity gradient solar pond (SGSP) is a large and deep artificial basin of layered brine, which collects and stores-simultaneously-solar energy for use in various applications. Experimental and theoretical studies have been launched to understand the thermal behavior of SGSPs, under different operating conditions. This article then traces the history of SGSPs, from their natural discovery to their current artificial applications and the progress of studies and research, according to their chronological sequence, in terms of determining their physical and dynamic aspects, their operation, management and maintenance. It has extensively covered the theoretical and experimental studies, as well as the direct and laboratory applications of this technology, especially the most famous and influential in this field, classified according to the aspect covered by the study, with a comparison between the different results obtained. In addition, it highlighted the latest methods to improve the performance of an SGSP and facilitate its operation, such as the use of a magnetic field and the adoption of remote data acquisition, in the aim of expanding research and enhancing the benefit of this technology.

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Section: Stability and Double-diffusivity Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salinity-gradient solar pond: History and progress review

Sleiman,

Vaerenbergh,

Hamieh

2023

Therm. Sci. Eng.

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“…SGSP facilities collect solar energy in the form of heat that can be used for industrial processes, electricity generation, and space heating (French et al, 1985;Akbarzadeh et al, 2005). Figure 1 shows the conceptual model for SGSP in terms of energy balance and profiles of salt concentration and temperature (Ormat Turbines Ltd., 1981;Busquets et al, 2012;Ito and Azam, 2018). Solar radiation is captured under the salt concen-tration profile (Halocline) when the following three zones are established within the water body: (i) upper convective zone (UCZ), water layer with insignificant salinity and ambient air temperature; (ii) non-convective zone (NCZ), water layer with gradually increasing salinity (0% to 25% by mass) and temperature; and (iii) lower convective zone (LCZ), brine layer (≥ 25% by mass) at higher temperatures.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schematic of saline gradient solar pond with estimated energy balance and profiles of salt concentration and temperature(After Ormat Turbines Ltd., 1981;Busquets et al, 2012;Ito and Azam, 2018) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Saline Gradient Solar Ponds as Thermal Energy Sources in Saskatchewan, Canada

Ito¹,

Azam²

2019

J ENVIRON INFORM LET

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Advancement of renewable energy is critical for sustainable development. This paper evaluates the feasibility of saline gradient solar ponds (SGSP) as an alternative energy source for Saskatchewan, Canada. The main achievements include global appraisal of SGSP from theoretical and practical perspectives, assessment of salinity and climatic criteria for SGSP potential, understanding of heat transfer mechanisms affected by thermophysical properties, and numerical modeling to simulate transient heat diffusion in SGSP. Results indicated that Saskatchewan is ideal for thermal energy harvesting from saline water bodies because of high solar insolation (1100 to 1400 kWh/m 2). The solar radiation in such systems is captured under a salt concentration gradient. Locally, ten potash tailings sites (360 g/L or 36% salt) and two saline water lakes (250 g/L or 25% salt) are potentially suitable for SGSP deployment. It was found that thermal conductivity increases with temperature but decreases with water salinity increase (0.55 to 0.675 W/mK) and the opposite is true for density (1000 to 1200 kg/m 3). Similarly, specific heat capacity slightly increases with temperature and inversely correlates with salinity (3000 to 4200 J/kg K). Furthermore, the heat diffusion model adequately simulated the temperature distribution for a typical SGSP in a potash tailings containment facility. For the investigated month of July (highest solar insolation), the temperatures increased from an initial value of at 20 to 52 º C at top to 37 º C at bottom. A comprehensive risk assessment of this method is required to protect air, water, soil, and biota at specific sites.

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“…Modeling of heat and salt diffusion as well as numerical solution of the energy balance were investigated by Hull, 20 Rubin et al, 21 Liao, 22 Dah et al, 23 Karim et al, 24 and other authors. 25 In order to gather a better understanding of the thermal phenomena, construction of experimental solar ponds has been realized in a number of countries, including Australia, India, Canada, Portugal, former USSR, Kuwait, Turkey, and USA. 15 Up to now, around 60 systems have been constructed around the world, with surface areas ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand square meters and they have been used for applications such as greenhouse heating, process heat in dairy plants and other agricultural applications, desalination, and power generation.…”

Section: Solar Pond Technology For Large-scale Heat Processing In a Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar pond technology for large-scale heat processing in a Chilean mine

Garrido

Soto

Vergara

et al. 2012

Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy

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Copper mining is the largest industrial activity in Northern Chile, a region that relies mostly on imported energy resources thus making the mining sector vulnerable to the rising cost of fuel oil and electricity. The extraction of copper is mostly accomplished by hydrometallurgy, a three-step low energy process consisting of heap leaching, concentration by solvent extraction, and metal recovery by electro-winning. Since the content of copper in its ore tends to degrade as the mining operation proceeds, higher leaching temperatures would be needed along with increasing energy requirements. In order to address this demand and considering that the region has one of the highest levels of solar radiation and clear skies, the authors assessed the solar pond technology for rising the temperature of the leaching stream. The working principle of such technology is presented, as well as its mathematical formulation, restrictions, and assumptions, aiming to simulate the performance of a solar pond and to size a suitable setup. The results indicate that this technology can provide sufficient heat to raise the temperature to a range of 50 to 70 C throughout the year with an annual gross thermal supply of 626 GWh. In order to minimize the loss of water and salt from the pond, a closed salt cycle is suggested. Savings of up to 59 000 tons of diesel oil per year and the avoidance of 164 000 tons of CO 2 per year could be achieved with a solar pond effective area of 1.43 km 2 reaching an average efficiency of 19.4%. Thus, solar pond technology is suitable for attaining the goal of increasing the leaching temperature while diminishing fuel costs and greenhouse emissions. V C 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.

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Thermal analysis and measurement of a solar pond prototype to study the non-convective zone salt gradient stability

Cited by 25 publications

References 22 publications

Salinity-gradient solar pond: History and progress review

Salinity-gradient solar pond: History and progress review

Feasibility of Saline Gradient Solar Ponds as Thermal Energy Sources in Saskatchewan, Canada

Solar pond technology for large-scale heat processing in a Chilean mine

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