Thermal Alterations of Asphaltenes in Peace River Tars

Waxman, M.H.; Deeds, C.T.; Closmann, P.J.

doi:10.2523/9510-ms

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The presence of asphaltene in crude oil might cause several severe production problems in oil reservoirs; − therefore, knowing the features of the residual phase, namely, its saturation, cluster morphology, and cluster size distribution, which can be understood on a core scale (using image techniques such as X-ray tomography), is significantly important to achieving an improved oil recovery scenario. , Reductions in the amount of recoverable oil and snags in the wellbore and surface facilities are some of the problems that significantly increase operating costs. − Accordingly, a solution to remove or reduce dissolved asphaltene in oil or prevent its precipitation is crucial . The precipitation of heavy organic materials usually yields pore blockage and wettability alterations of the reservoir rock. , Asphaltene precipitation in porous media can also lead to a 20% decrease in effective permeability. , Because of formation damage, reservoir oil and gas production rates would decrease. When the reservoir pressure is close enough to the precipitation pressure, asphaltene precipitation in the reservoir takes place, resulting in failure conditions at the wellbore wall .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of Asphaltene Adsorption onto the Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Surface and Its Effect on Heavy Oil Recovery

Kazemzadeh

Eshraghi

Kazemi

et al. 2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

137

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It is an important concern to prevent asphaltene related damages in hydrocarbon reservoirs.There are many investigations about asphaltene and its effects and how to reduce them during the oil production. In the present work, some experiments have been conducted to investigate the effect of the SiO2, NiO, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the oil recovery, and find out how they adsorb asphaltene and prevent its precipitation. Moreover, instead of crude oil, a synthetic solution with a given component concentration is used. Results of this study show that in solutions without nanoparticles, increase in the amount of normal heptane causes more asphaltene aggregation takes place; however, in the presence of nanoparticles, increasing the normal heptane would result in an increase in the asphaltene adsorption on the surface of nanoparticles. Furthermore, It is shown that the amount of oil recovery in the presence of different nanoparticles corresponds to the ordering: SiO2> NiO> Fe3O4.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of Asphaltene Adsorption onto the Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Surface and Its Effect on Heavy Oil Recovery

Kazemzadeh

Eshraghi

Kazemi

et al. 2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

137

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“…1 The steady state tar permeability in this sand core was probably about 400 md or a k ro ~ 0.24 at So ~ 0.95. This compares with a tar permeability of about 10 md or a k ro ~ 0.01 when thermally unaltered Peace River tar was used at the same flow conditions and in a similar sand sample.…”

Section: Corementioning

confidence: 80%

“…In considering flow of tars with very high asphaltene concentrations, the structure of such aggregates is determined by (1) the of asphaltene alteration (i.e. l C/H atomic ) and consequent asphal tene solvation by mal tene components, (2) the shear rates in the flow system and (3) the temperature.…”

Section: This Experiments Consisted Of Recycl Thermally Unalteredmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peace River Tar Flow Experiments Under in Situ Conditions

Waxman

Closmann

Deeds

1980

SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition

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Introduction In a preceding paper we described some chemical properties of Peace River tars, i.e., solvation properties of asphaltenes and their reflection of the thermal history of the tar in the reservoir. It was suggested that the thermal alteration observed in tar samples produced during the Shell 1973–74 field test at Peace River could lead to important changes in the flow properties of the tar relative to its initial unaltered state. With the above factors in mind, we have performed a series of flow experiments with Peace performed a series of flow experiments with Peace River cores preserved as nearly as possible in their natural state. The conditions chosen were such as to simulate the hot zone present in the Bullhead Sand reservoir during the 1973–74 field test. FLOW EXPERIMENTS Experimental Conditions All flow runs were made at temperatures of 380 - 389 deg. F (193 - 198 deg. C). The sand plugs were subjected to an isostatic effective stress of appx. 1,100 psig (7,584 kPa), with the overburden pressure held psig (7,584 kPa), with the overburden pressure held at appx. 1,500 psig (10,342 kPa) and the back pressure on the fluids at appx. 400 psig (2,758 kPa). This was intended to simulate original in-situ burial conditions. Plug handling and mounting procedures were developed to maintain the lightly consolidated Peace River core materials with their original Peace River core materials with their original interstitial fluids in a relatively undisturbed condition. Details are given in Appendix A. An initial objective was to obtain mineral-free tar from Peace River core material, employing separation procedures which would minimize core positional changes of the native tar. Experimental positional changes of the native tar. Experimental extraction procedures and resulting tar properties are described in Appendix B. As the experimental flow studies were expanded, other forms of Peace River tar, for example, deasphalted tar, cold- and thermally-produced tar from the Peace River pilot tests, were also used. The laboratory brine used in all flow measurements on Peace River cores was fixed at a concentration of 25,000 ppm sodium chloride. This compares with field brine concentrations varying from 27,488 to 35,216 ppm total dissolved solids as reported from DST analyses. A 50,000 ppm brine solution was used in later experiments involving Berea cores. The brines were deaerated before use in the flow system. Two approaches were employed in the flow studies:two phase (tar/brine) flow in single pass-through, steady state permeability determinations pass-through, steady state permeability determinations andone phase (tar) continuous recycle flow. Fixed flow rates for brine and/or tar were established by means of precalibrated positive displacement pumps. Resulting pressure drops cross the cores were determined by means of a multiple range pressure transducer unit. special high pressure fillings provided electrical insulation between the pressure cells and the outflow fluid lines from the plugs. Platinum screens positioned at the plug faces, coupled with these positioned at the plug faces, coupled with these fittings, provided capability of measuring plug resistances and determinations of fluid saturations during fluid flow. Archie saturation exponents were obtained independently and varied from 1.81 to 1.91 depending on the particular plug. In some cases, fluid saturations were also determined at the end flow runs by standard extraction methods. A description of the permeability cells and their various elements is provided in Appendix C. Flow Results A tabulation of the runs, including data on cores and tar used, is presented in Table 1. A more detailed description of some of the flow tests follows.

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“…One of the effective remediation methods of heavy organic deposits is the use of strong aromatic/polar solvents that could dissolve the asphaltene deposits (Waxman et al, 1980;Kim et al, 1990;Acevedo et al, 1995;Dubey and Waxman, 1995;Sanchez and Mansoori, 1998). Flocculated asphaltene constituents (aggregates) can form steric colloids in the presence of excessive amounts of resin constituents (Swanson, 1942;Lichaa, 1977;Koots and Speight, 1975;Park and Mansoori, 1988) but, knowing this, there is still the need to predict when and how phase separation will occur (Mousavi-Dehghania et al, 2004).…”

Section: Fouling During Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asphaltene Deposition and Fouling

Speight¹

2015

Fouling in Refineries

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Thermal Alterations of Asphaltenes in Peace River Tars

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Behavior of Asphaltene Adsorption onto the Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Surface and Its Effect on Heavy Oil Recovery

Behavior of Asphaltene Adsorption onto the Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Surface and Its Effect on Heavy Oil Recovery

Peace River Tar Flow Experiments Under in Situ Conditions

Asphaltene Deposition and Fouling

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