Thermal Actuated Solid Tunable Lens

Lee, Sz-Yuan; Tung, Hsi-Wen; Chen, Wen-Chih; Fang, Weileun

doi:10.1109/lpt.2006.883891

Cited by 59 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…13 These current approaches demonstrate the feasibility of creating PDMS lenses with good optical characteristics and reproducibility; however, they either require time-consuming fabrication procedures typically measured in hours, or have high costs due to lithographic and molding equipment required, and generally limit the size of the lens to the micrometer scale. 12,14 A recently introduced method of creating PDMS lens by gravity-assisted hanging droplet formation has both the advantage of low cost and good optical quality; however, the process requires iterative drop-bake cycles to achieve the desired focal length. 15 In this paper, we describe a method to fabricate lenses by inkjet printing of PDMS droplets on a heated surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabricating optical lenses by inkjet printing and heat-assistedin situcuring of polydimethylsiloxane for smartphone microscopy

et al. 2015

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Abstract. We present a highly repeatable, lithography-free and mold-free method for fabricating flexible optical lenses by in situ curing liquid polydimethylsiloxane droplets on a preheated smooth surface with an inkjet printing process. This method enables us to fabricate lenses with a focal length as short as 5.6 mm, which can be controlled by varying the droplet volume and the temperature of the preheated surface. Furthermore, the lens can be attached to a smartphone camera without any accessories and can produce high-resolution (1 μm) images for microscopy applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabricating optical lenses by inkjet printing and heat-assistedin situcuring of polydimethylsiloxane for smartphone microscopy

et al. 2015

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“…The first kind of solid tunable lenses are realized by simply deforming the solid lens by a thermal effect or external strain. (38)(39)(40)(41) However, because they are constrained by the maximum deformation that can be achieved by either thermal actuation or external strains, such a type of solid tunable lenses can only provide a limited tuning range of focal lengths, which is obviously far from the requirement of most practical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniature Solid Tunable Lenses and Their Applications: A Review

Yongchao¹,

Siong²,

Guangya³

2017

Sensors and Materials

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We present a systematic review of solid tunable lenses based on the Alvarez-Lohmann principle, which mainly focuses on the optimization, miniaturization, and integration of such solid tunable lenses in miniature applications. The progress of the modelling and design methods of such solid tunable lenses for optimum performance is summarized first. The development of various solid tunable lenses achieved using diverse driving mechanisms and different optimization methods is then illustrated by examples from current literature. The mechanisms, performance, and practicability of all these prototypes are presented in detail. The applications of such solid tunable lenses in miniature imaging systems are finally reviewed. Discussions of the problems and bottlenecks encountered in current research work and perspectives for future work in this field are given.

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“…Recent applications including microlens [5,6], microprobes [7,8], microsensors [9e13] and micro-actuators, are rapidly gaining importance too. For example, a thermal microlens tunes its focal lens by temperature, which is easily controlled via managing the current input of the heater [6]. An on-wall in-tube flexible thermal sensor is able to measure the flow rate under both developing and fully developed flow conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fabrication techniques of thermal micro-actuators are wellknown microtechnologies such as bulk micromachining, wet and dry etching processes, surface micromachining and LIGA processes, including laser micromachining [1,2,6,14,24,37]. Managing thermal phenomena in thermal micro-actuators is a key factor for future progress in their optimization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic modelling for thermal micro-actuators using thermal networks

López-Walle

Gauthier

Chaillet

2010

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

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a b s t r a c tThermal actuators are extensively used in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Heat transfer through and around these microstructures are very complex. Knowing and controlling them in order to improve the performance of the micro-actuator, is currently a great challenge. This paper deals with this topic and proposes a dynamic thermal modelling of thermal micro-actuators. Thermal problems may be modelled using electrical analogy. However, current equivalent electrical models (thermal networks) are generally obtained considering only heat transfers through the thickness of structures having considerable height and length in relation to width (walls). These models cannot be directly applied to microactuators. In fact, micro-actuator configurations are based on 3D beam structures, and heat transfers occur through and around length. New dynamic and static thermal networks are then proposed in this paper. The validities of both types of thermal networks have been studied. They are successfully validated by comparison with finite elements simulation and analytical calculations.

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Thermal Actuated Solid Tunable Lens

Cited by 59 publications

References 11 publications

Fabricating optical lenses by inkjet printing and heat-assistedin situcuring of polydimethylsiloxane for smartphone microscopy

Fabricating optical lenses by inkjet printing and heat-assistedin situcuring of polydimethylsiloxane for smartphone microscopy

Miniature Solid Tunable Lenses and Their Applications: A Review

Dynamic modelling for thermal micro-actuators using thermal networks

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