“…The syndemic framework has been applied over the years to understand the dynamics of migrant health, health disparities, malnutrition, violence (including intimate partner violence), sexual health, substance abuse, mental health, oral health, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and other infectious diseases, and non-communicable diseases (NCD) (such as diabetes mellitus, cardiopulmonary conditions, obesity or kidney disease) [ 22 , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] ].…”