Therapy of retained fetal membranes in cattle: Comparison of two treatment protocols

Imhof, Stefanie; Luternauer, Michael; Hüsler, Jürg; Steiner, Adrian; Hirsbrunner, Gabriela

doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.04.013

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Chart for subclinical and clinical endometritis and its risk agents. Some risk agents are particular for one kind of endometritis, but primarily, their interactive relationships with other risk agents turn endometritis into a disease that is multifactorial [75] However, recent studies have also revealed that besides these factors mentioned above, E. coli, as previously described, and some anaerobic bacteria were classified as general isolates [76]. In addition, Galvao and coworkers [18], in their recent findings, also showed an association of metritis with a dysbiosis of the uterine microbiota characterized by decreased richness and an increase in Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria, particularly Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Fusobacterium.…”

Section: Metritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Microflora in the Reproductive Tract of Cattle: A Review

Appiah

Wang

2020

Agriculture

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There are microbial communities in and on the bodies of all multicellular organisms, and this microbiota can have a significant impact on the biology of the host. Most studies have focused on the microbiome of the skin, mouth, and gut, whereas relatively little is known about the reproductive microbiome. From the perspective of the bovine reproductive tract, uterine diseases such as metritis and endometritis are traditionally viewed to result only from interactions occurring between the host animal and pathogens originating from either the environment or ascension from the vagina. This outdated opinion has been refuted by recent advanced studies that propose that, in addition to bacteria colonization through the extrinsic and ascending pathways to the vagina, bacteria can also move from the gut to the uterus, which is also associated with reproductive tract disorders. This has led to the concept of the “endogenous route hypothesis”, which has vital inferences for comprehending the etiology of metritis and endometritis. Furthermore, it has opened up the possibility of developing new prophylactic and therapeutic agents as alternatives to antimicrobial agents. In addition, the unveiling of next-generation sequencing technology makes it more convenient to perform detailed sequencing and analysis of data on the cervical, vaginal, and uterine flora and to further study uncultured bacteria in these niches—most importantly, the cervical niche, which previously was thought to have lower bacterial complexity. Research conducted to date has proven that the composition of microflora in a community varies widely between environmental sites, host niches, and health status. Furthermore, it has also been suggested that the occurrence of endometritis in the dairy and beef cattle reproductive tract is neither casual nor indirect but multifactorial. Whether disturbance in the variety of the microflora in the reproductive tract (dysbiosis) has a role in determining the sensitivity to metritis and endometritis is not yet known. This article outlines the current progress in understanding the microflora with regards to the bovine reproductive tract. The compositions of microflora in various niches of the reproductive tract are briefly elucidated. In addition, the functional role of these microflora communities in the reproductive tract is discussed, with particular emphasis on the association of bacterial flora with reproductive disorders and failures. Finally, prophylaxis and therapeutic approaches based on the new comprehension of the effects of antimicrobials, probiotics, and bacteriophages on the composition of the reproductive tract microflora are also considered.

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Section: Metritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Microflora in the Reproductive Tract of Cattle: A Review

Appiah

Wang

2020

Agriculture

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“…Several treatment options for RFM exist, including manual removal, intrauterine antibiotic (AB) therapy, systemic AB therapy and hormone treatment (Peters and Laven, 1996;Beagley et al, 2010;Pyörälä et al, 2014). Recently developed or future treatment options include ozone treatment (Djuricic et al, 2012;Imhof et al, 2019) and collagenase injection in the umbilical arteries (Guérin et al, 2004). In a clinical trial comparing four therapeutic approaches in over 500 RFM cases (Drillich et al, 2006a), manual removal of the placenta, preventive intrauterine AB administration, or the combination of both appeared to have only marginally positive effects on the risks of puerperal metritis, and no effects on reproductive performance, when compared to systemic AB treatment in selected cases of systemic illness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment protocols and management of retained fetal membranes in cattle by rural practitioners in Belgium

Eppe

Lowie

Opsomer

et al. 2021

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Retained fetal membranes (RFM) is a frequent postpartum disorder in cattle causing considerable economic losses, and a common indication for antibiotic (AB) administration. There is controversy with regard to the treatment of RFM, and scientific recommendations are often in conflict with current legislation on AB use and practical routines in the field.The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic approaches of RFM by Belgian rural veterinarians. A digital survey was sent to 468 Belgian veterinarians; 149 complete questionnaires (Wallonia: 78; Flanders: 71) were obtained. Survey questions captured socio-demographic characteristics, case definition, therapeutic approaches and treatment options for RFM. Questions on treatment were duplicated for dairy and beef cattle.When confronted with dairy cows suffering from RFM without fever, 35.6 % of vets do not treat with AB, while the majority administers AB, either intrauterine (47.6 %), systemically (10.7 %) or both (6.1 %). Dairy cows with RFM and fever receive a systemic (33.5 %), intrauterine (2.7 %) or combined (61.8 %) AB treatment. For a beef cow with RFM without fever, 21.5 % of vets prefer no AB treatment, while others prefer an intrauterine (24.2 %), systemic (24.8 %), combined (29.5 %) AB treatment. Beef cows with RFM and fever receive AB from the large majority of vets, by systemic (34.9 %) or combined (56.3 %) administration. In case of a parenteral treatment, benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin and ampicillin are by far the most frequently used molecules; only a minority of vets use cephalosporins. Manual placental removal is attempted by 93.9 % of the respondents.These results demonstrate that there is room for improvement when considering the treatment protocols of RFM. Many veterinarians use AB in RFM cows not presenting symptoms of general illness, or administer intrauterine AB in cows with or without clinical signs of illness. Concerning the molecules of choice, practical routines are largely in line with national AB recommendations. Beef cows suffering from RFM are treated more rigorously than dairy cows, regardless of their rectal temperature.

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“…At present, the incidence of RP morbidity varies across countries and herds, which are closely related to the management and environment of herds; the physiological state of cows, namely, age, parity, heredity, hormones, and nutrition; and the condition of calves, such as stillbirth and twinning (4,8). The complex etiology and pathogenesis bring huge challenges for researchers and clinical veterinarians in probing the pathogenesis and treatment schedule of RP (9)(10)(11)(12). The pathogenesis of RP is still unclear, and there are four popular hypotheses to explain it: deregulation of uterine contractions, dysfunction of the chorionic villi, inflammatory stress, and immune disorders (13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Metabolomics Reveals Pathogenesis of Retained Placenta in Dairy Cows

Zhao

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The complex etiology and pathogenesis of retained placenta (RP) bring huge challenges for researchers and clinical veterinarians in investigating the pathogenesis and treatment schedule. This study aims to investigate the pathogenesis of RP in dairy cows by plasma metabolomics. As subjects, 10 dairy cows with RP and 10 healthy dairy cows were enrolled according to strict enrollment criteria. Imbalanced antioxidant capacity, reduced Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio, and deregulation of total bilirubin (T-bil), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and reproductive hormones were shown in dairy cows with RP by detecting biochemical indicators, oxidation and antioxidant markers, and cytokines in serum. Plasma metabolites were detected and analyzed by a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) system coupled with multivariate statistical analysis software. A total of 23 potential biomarkers were uncovered in the plasma of dairy cows with RP. The metabolic pathways involved in these potential biomarkers are interconnected, and the conversion, utilization, and excretion of nitrogen were disturbed in dairy cows with RP. Moreover, these potential biomarkers are involved in the regulation of antioxidant capacity, inflammation, and autocrine or paracrine hormone. All of these findings suggest that an imbalance of these potential biomarkers might be responsible for the imbalanced antioxidant capacity, reduced Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio, and deregulation of reproductive hormones in dairy cows with RP. The regulation of metabolic pathways involved in these potential biomarkers represents a promising therapeutic strategy for RP.

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Therapy of retained fetal membranes in cattle: Comparison of two treatment protocols

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Microflora in the Reproductive Tract of Cattle: A Review

Microflora in the Reproductive Tract of Cattle: A Review

Treatment protocols and management of retained fetal membranes in cattle by rural practitioners in Belgium

Plasma Metabolomics Reveals Pathogenesis of Retained Placenta in Dairy Cows

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