Aim To test whether or not the use of a collagen matrix (VCMX) results in short‐term soft tissue volume increase at implant sites non‐inferior to an autogenous subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG), and to evaluate safety and tissue integration of VCMX and SCTG. Methods In 20 patients with a volume deficiency at single‐tooth implant sites, soft tissue volume augmentation was performed randomly allocating VCMX or SCTG. Soft tissue thickness, patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs), and safety were assessed up to 90 days (FU‐90). At FU‐90 (abutment connection), tissue samples were obtained for histological analysis. Descriptive analysis was computed for both groups. Non‐parametric tests were applied to test non‐inferiority for the gain in soft tissue thickness at the occlusal site. Results Median soft tissue thickness increased between BL and FU‐90 by 1.8 mm (Q1:0.5; Q3:2.0) (VCMX) (p = 0.018) and 0.5 mm (−1.0; 2.0) (SCTG) (p = 0.395) (occlusal) and by 1.0 mm (0.5; 2.0) (VCMX) (p = 0.074) and 1.5 mm (−2.0; 2.0) (SCTG) (p = 0.563) (buccal). Non‐inferiority with a non‐inferiority margin of 1 mm could be demonstrated (p = 0.020); the difference between the two group medians (1.3 mm) for occlusal sites indicated no relevant, but not significant superiority of VCMX versus SCTG (primary endpoint). Pain medication consumption and pain perceived were non‐significantly higher in group SCTG up to day 3. Median physical pain (OHIP‐14) at day 7 was 100% higher for SCTG than for VCMX. The histological analysis revealed well‐integrated grafts. Conclusions Soft tissue augmentation at implant sites resulted in a similar or higher soft tissue volume increase after 90 days for VCMX versus SCTG. PROMs did not reveal relevant differences between the two groups.

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The outcomes of the survey analyses demonstrated predictably high implant survival rates for short implants and longer implants placed in augmented sinus and their respective reconstructions. Given the higher number of biological complications, increased morbidity, costs and surgical time of longer dental implants in the augmented sinus, shorter dental implants may represent the preferred treatment alternative.

At 10 years, ZC and MC posterior FDPs resulted in similar outcomes for the majority of the outcome measures (p > 0.05).

Background-Malignant colorectal polyps are defined as endoscopically removed polyps with cancerous tissue which has invaded the submucosa. Various histological criteria exist for managing these patients. Aims-To determine the significance of histological findings of patients with malignant polyps. Methods-Five pathologists reviewed the specimens of 85 patients initially diagnosed with malignant polyps. High risk malignant polyps were defined as having one of the following: incomplete polypectomy, a margin not clearly cancer-free, lymphatic or venous invasion, or grade III carcinoma. Adverse outcome was defined as residual cancer in a resection specimen and local or metastatic recurrence in the follow up period (mean 67 months). Results-Malignant polyps were confirmed in 70 cases. In the 32 low risk malignant polyps, no adverse outcomes occurred; 16 (42%) of the 38 patients with high risk polyps had adverse outcomes (p<0.001). Independent adverse risk factors were incomplete polypectomy and a resected margin not clearly cancer-free; all other risk factors were only associated with adverse outcome when in combination. Conclusion-As no patients with low risk malignant polyps had adverse outcomes, polypectomy alone seems suYcient for these cases. In the high risk group, surgery is recommended when either of the two independent risk factors, incomplete polypectomy or a resection margin not clearly cancer-free, is present or if there is a combination of other risk factors. As lymphatic or venous invasion or grade III cancer did not have an adverse outcome when the sole risk factor, operations in such cases should be individually assessed on the basis of surgical risk. (Gut 1998;43:669-674)