Therapie der juvenilen Adipositas aus sportmedizinisch/sportwissenschaftlicher Sicht

Abstract

Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents had reached its highest level worldwide. In the development of overweight and within interdisciplinary training programs, physical activity and the avoidance of sedentary habits play an important role. Not only is there an increase in energy consumption, but potential comorbidities (e.g., cardiovascular risk factors) are improved. In addition, positive psychosocial benefits occur, e.g., increasing self-esteem, personal, and social skills. During realization, possible risks (e.g., exercise-induced asthma) and barriers have to be taken into account. In terms of physical activity programs, the child's surroundings have to be integrated, and transfer into daily routine should be promoted. Therefore, in addition to athletic content, daily activities have to be trained and supported, e.g., via pedometers. At least 60, better 90 and more minutes of physical activity per day are recommended; the use of audiovisual media should be reduced to a minimum (max. 120 minutes).

Sociocultural Influence on Obesity and Lifestyle in Children: A Study of Daily Activities, Leisure Time Behavior, Motor Skills, and Weight Status

“…However, there is no clear association between media time and physical inactivity [5]. Rather, they seem to be independent variables in terms of the development of obesity [6]. During 2007, 16.4% of children aged 10-17 years in the US were found to be obese and 15.3% overweight [7].…”

Soziale Determinanten der Schwimmfähigkeit von Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland

“…Zudem hat regelmäßiges Schwimmen bei Kindern einen positiven Einfluss auf den Verlauf von chronischen Krankheiten wie Asthma (2) und Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen (32). Da es die Gelenke schont, wird es auch bei juveniler idiopathischer Arthritis (27) und bei Adipositas zur Bewegungsförderung empfohlen (15).…”

Preventing and treating obesity in pediatrics through physical activity

“…Atlantis et al [67] suggest 155–180 min/day of aerobic exercise at moderate to intensive levels in order to achieve beneficial effects. Nevertheless, it is of less interest which kind of exercise/sport people follow, the benefit and prognostic value seems to be nearly the same in all types of sport [68]. Therefore, the most important factor is the individual predisposition and motivation, not to participate in specific exercise or training programmes.…”