Therapeutic Water in the Poprad Valley
– the Newest Development in the Polish
Outer Carpathians

Operacz, Agnieszka; Wąsik, Ewa; Hajduga, Mariusz; Chmielowski, Krzysztof

doi:10.15244/pjoes/76036

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Table 3 provides the results of hydrochemical analysis performed on water samples collected from the springs and wells located near the profiles. Similar groundwater compositions are reported by Modelska et al (2015) and Operacz et al (2018) [63,64], who both studied known CO 2 -rich springs located in the Carpathians region in Poland.…”

Section: Iron Oxides and Hydroxides As Markers Of Co 2 -Rich Groundwasupporting

confidence: 85%

Induced Polarization as a Proxy for CO2-Rich Groundwater Detection—Evidences from the Ardennes, South-East of Belgium

Defourny

Nguyen

Collignon³

et al. 2020

Water

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CO 2 -rich mineral groundwaters are of great economic and touristic interest but their origin and circulation paths in the underground are often poorly understood. A deeper understanding of the system plumbery and the development of non—to minimally—invasive near-surface geophysical methods for the prospection of potential productive areas is therefore of great interest to manage future supply. The objective of this contribution is to assess the ability of the time-domain induced polarization (TDIP) method, combined with the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method, to make the distinction between CO 2 -rich groundwater from non-gaseous groundwater. Three combined ERT/TDIP tomographies were performed above known uplift zones in the south-east of Belgium where thousands of CO 2 -rich groundwater springs exist. On all profiles, important contrasts in both electrical resistivity and chargeability distributions were observed in the vicinity of the upflow zone, also reflected in the normalized chargeability sections computed from the measured data. Low resistivity vertical anomalies extending in depth were interpreted as a saturated fracture network enabling the upflow of deep groundwater to the surface. High chargeability anomalies appearing directly close to the CO 2 -rich groundwater springs were inferred to metallic oxides and hydroxides precipitation in the upper part of the aquifer, linked to pressure decrease and changing redox conditions in the up-flowing groundwater approaching the land surface. The combined interpretation of electrical resistivity and induced polarization datasets provides a very promising method for a robust prospection of CO 2 -rich groundwater.

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Section: Iron Oxides and Hydroxides As Markers Of Co 2 -Rich Groundwasupporting

confidence: 85%

Induced Polarization as a Proxy for CO2-Rich Groundwater Detection—Evidences from the Ardennes, South-East of Belgium

Defourny

Nguyen

Collignon³

et al. 2020

Water

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“…Carpathian "waters containing carbon dioxide" and "carbonated waters" in Piwniczna area are mineral waters in which the HCO 3 anion holds the dominant position, and the cations are mainly Ca, Mg, and Na in variable positions. Similar therapeutic waters occur in other areas in Poprad Valley, i.e., Zubrzyk area [18]. From the point of view of hydrochemical classification, these waters represent the types: HCO 3 -Mg-Na+CO 2 +Fe; HCO 3 -Ca-Mg+CO 2 ; HCO 3 -Mg-Ca+CO 2 +Fe; HCO 3 -Ca-Mg-Na+CO 2 ; HCO 3 -Ca-Na-Mg+CO 2 ; HCO 3 -Na-Mg-Ca+CO 2 [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…This factor intensifies the carbon dioxide migration from deeper areas towards the surface. The groundwater is thus saturated with gas and chemical processes are activated [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of the Stability of Chemical Composition of Therapeutic Groundwater

Kurek

Operacz

Bugajski

et al. 2019

Water

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The aim was to assess the stability of the chemical composition of the groundwater in terms of maintaining the status of therapeutic waters in accordance with the Geological and Mining Law in Poland. The basis for the analysis was the results of stationary observations for nine hydrogeological wells for the needs of the Mineral Water Bottling Plant “Piwniczanka”. The database used for the analysis covered the years 2008–2018 and concerned the content of selected ions as well as total dissolved solids and CO2 content. For each of the analyzed boreholes, the analysis of the variability of the content was performed using graphical Schoeller–Berkaloff plots and statistical investigations (GWSDAT and STATISTICA). This hydrogeochemical investigation has demonstrated that groundwater in the Piwniczna area occur as natural “carbonated waters” and “waters containing carbon dioxide”. Summing up the analysis, it can be stated that the content of basic ions of the exploited water show a small variability and does not threaten the loss of therapeutic water status for seven of the boreholes. Two of them have a little risk of loss of therapeutic water status. Variable content of sodium ions causes changes in the hydrogeochemical type of water without affecting the maintenance of the status.

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“…Ions in water may be related to land use, and the detection of heavy metals in surface water determines its economic value (Fu et al, 2014;Liao et al, 2016) and the health of the inhabitants of the surrounding areas, especially in terms of therapeutic properties of Carpathian rivers (Operacz et al, 2018). The spatial pattern and correlations between the variables in the entire catchment area have been shown based on the spatial autoregression model, empirical equations, and multivariate analysis.…”

Section: Model Of Developed Techniques Of Spatial Autoregressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial relationship between hydrodynamic and physico-chemical parameters of surface water for a basin with shale rock series as an indicator of intensity and direction of chemical denudation in the Western Carpathians

Kruk

Halecki

Ryczek

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Hydrochemical evaluation of stream quality in the Western Carpathians requires a system approach, gradually excluding factors less or more responsible for washing, mixing contaminants and their farther transportation in the stream channel. In this work, the spatial autoregression model was used to estimate the relationship between hydrodynamic and physico-chemical parameters of surface water in various groups and variants of basin use. The highest mean shear stress was 0.178 N⋅m2 in forest surface water. The highest mean Reynolds number (23654) was recorded in the stream channel at permanent grassland, and the lowest number (0.426) at arable lands. Analysis of spatial autoregression to a high degree showed space-time relations in various measurement points. The turbulent diffusion coefficient should be regarded in the space-physical model, constructed based on the influence of hydrodynamic indicators on the shaping of physico-chemical parameters in the flysch basin. The autoregression confirmed that the turbulent diffusion coefficient played a high role for ions K+ and P-PO43− in surface water at arable lands and for cation K+, as well as total iron for grassland (p < 0.05). A relation for physico-chemical was not found for surface water in forests. The results, to a high degree, will be used to createan erosion model concerning the alimentation of alluvial deposits from weathered Carpathian flysch or surface wash depending on the material delivery in a basin.

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Therapeutic Water in the Poprad Valley – the Newest Development in the Polish Outer Carpathians

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Induced Polarization as a Proxy for CO2-Rich Groundwater Detection—Evidences from the Ardennes, South-East of Belgium

Induced Polarization as a Proxy for CO2-Rich Groundwater Detection—Evidences from the Ardennes, South-East of Belgium

Prediction of the Stability of Chemical Composition of Therapeutic Groundwater

Spatial relationship between hydrodynamic and physico-chemical parameters of surface water for a basin with shale rock series as an indicator of intensity and direction of chemical denudation in the Western Carpathians

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