Therapeutic potential of adipose tissue‐derivatives in modern dermatology

Abstract

Stem cell‐mediated therapies in combination with biomaterial and growth factor‐based approaches in regenerative medicine are rapidly evolving with increasing application beyond the dermatologic field. Adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) are the more frequently used adult stem cells due to their abundance and easy access. In the case of volumetric defects, adipose tissue can take the shape of defects, restoring the volume and enhancing the regeneration of receiving tissue. When regenerative purposes prevail on volume restoration, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) rich in staminal cells, purified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or their cell‐free derivatives grafting are favoured. The therapeutic efficacy of acellular approaches is explained by the fact that a significant part of the natural propensity of stem cells to repair damaged tissue is ascribable to their secretory activity that combines mitogenic factors, cytokines, chemokines and extracellular matrix components. Therefore, the secretome's ability to modulate multiple targets simultaneously demonstrated preclinical and clinical efficacy in reversing pathological mechanisms of complex conditions such atopic dermatitis (AD), vitiligo, psoriasis, acne and Lichen sclerosus (LS), non‐resolving wounds and alopecia. This review analysing both in vivo and in vitro models gives an overview of the clinical relevance of adipose tissue‐derivatives such as autologous fat graft, stromal vascular fraction, purified stem cells and secretome for skin disorders application. Finally, we highlighted the major disease‐specific limitations and the future perspective in this field.

Regenerative Medicine-Based Treatment for Vitiligo: An Overview

“…Adult mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy demonstrated effectiveness in some clinical indications for both autologous and allogeneic purposes, thus becoming one of the most promising therapies in the regenerative medicine field, including the dermatologic one [ 167 , 168 , 169 , 170 ]. Blood, bone marrow, and adipose tissue represent important stem cell resources for cell-based therapies [ 171 ].…”

“…Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a biological product, a portion of a plasma with a platelet concentration above the baseline containing a great source of cytokines, growth factors, and other biologically active substances with a regenerative potential [ 192 ]. Autologous PRP, originally designed for wound healing and dermatological cosmetic problems, has recently received considerable attention for application for several other diseases, especially in the dermatological field [ 167 , 168 , 193 , 194 ]. Side effects of PRP therapy are few, consisting of irritation, pain at the recipient site, infections, and blood clots [ 192 ].…”

Focus on the Contribution of Oxidative Stress in Skin Aging

“…Thus, it is considered the organ of choice for aging studies [ 89 , 90 , 91 ]. Moreover, due to the skin’s accessibility, it is a useful model to test translational approaches in the regenerative medicine field [ 92 , 93 ]. The neologism of “exposome” has been recently introduced to explain the complex exposures we face throughout our lives, and encompasses air pollution, climate factors, infections, the food we ingest, the objects we touch, and the psychological stresses [ 94 ].…”

A systematic review of the efficacy, safety and satisfaction of regenerative medicine treatments, including platelet‐rich plasma, stromal vascular fraction and stem cell‐conditioned medium for hypertrophic scars and keloids

“…The application of SVF has gained approval for treating several inflammatory skin conditions and as a regenerative medicine therapy. 10 Exosomes, which are small vesicles carrying various DNA and RNA structures, have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach in regenerative medicine. They facilitate communication between cells and have shown significant potential in promoting tissue repair and treating inflammatory skin conditions.…”