Therapeutic implications of the gastrointestinal microbiome

Kashyap, Purna C.; Quigley, Eamonn M.M.

doi:10.1016/j.coph.2018.01.004

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Efforts to unravel the contribution of the gut microbiome to human health have rapidly expanded in the past decade, with the gut microbiome linked to many facets of well-being and disease, including response to medications ( 23 ), cancers ( 24 ), depression ( 25 ), and cardiovascular health ( 26 ). Empowered by the ready availability of genomics and transcriptomic and bioinformatics technologies, we can now study in depth the role of individual members of this consortium and investigate the correlations between the specific genotypes and phenotypes which can be ascribed to specific biochemical pathways and metabolites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lactobacillus Bile Salt Hydrolase Repertoire Reveals Niche-Specific Adaptation

O’Flaherty

Crawley

Theriot

et al. 2018

mSphere

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Bile acids play an integral role in shaping the gut microbiota and host physiology by regulating metabolic signaling, weight gain, and serum cholesterol and liver triglyceride levels. Given these important roles of bile acids, we investigated the presence of bile salt hydrolase (BSH) in Lactobacillus genomes representing 170 different species, determined strain- and species-specific patterns of occurrences, and expanded on the diversity of the BSH repertoire in this genus. While our data showed that 28% of Lactobacillus species encode BSH proteins, these species are associated mainly with vertebrate-adapted niches, demonstrating selective pressure on lactobacilli to evolve to adapt to specific environments. These new data will allow targeted selection of specific strains of lactobacilli and BSH proteins for future mechanistic studies to explore their therapeutic potential for treating metabolic disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lactobacillus Bile Salt Hydrolase Repertoire Reveals Niche-Specific Adaptation

O’Flaherty

Crawley

Theriot

et al. 2018

mSphere

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“…Gut microbiome perturbations (dysbiosis) have been associated with several human diseases including obesity and diabetes [4]. Therefore, manipulation of gut microbiome can ameliorate host health and disease pathology, remain of great interest to develop therapeutic strategies against such maladies [5]. However, diet is one of the major manipulator of microbial species living in the gut and their metabolic activities via involving fermentation of nondigestible dietary fibers [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotics from acorn and sago prevent high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance via microbiome–gut–brain axis modulation

Ahmadi

Nagpal

Wang

et al. 2019

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry

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Role of gut microbiome in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) became apparent from several independent studies, indicating that gut microbiome modulators like prebiotics may improve microbiome perturbations (dysbiosis) to ameliorate metabolic derangements. We herein isolate water soluble, non-digestible polysaccharides from five plant based foods (acorn, quinoa, sunflower, pumpkin and sago seeds) and assess their impact on human fecal microbiome and amelioration of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity/T2D in mice. During polysaccharide isolation, purification, biochemical and digestion resistance characterization, and fermentation pattern by human fecal microbiome, we select acorn-and sago-derived prebiotics (on the basis of relatively higher purity and yield and lower protein contamination) and examine their effects in comparison to inulin. Prebiotics treatments in human fecal microbiome culture system not only preserve microbial diversity but also appear to foster beneficial bacteria and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Feeding of acorn-and sago-derived prebiotics ameliorates HFD-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in mice, with effects comparatively superior to those seen in inulin-fed mice. Feeding of both of novel prebiotics as well as inulin increases SCFAs levels in the mouse gut. Interestingly, gut hyperpermeability and mucosal inflammatory markers were *

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“…Among the many reasons to study phages, the fact that they can kill specific microbes and can transfer antibiotic resistance or pathogenicity and, consequently, alter host metabolism is one of the most relevant [ 15 , 16 ]. In particular, the impact of variations in the gut microbiome, and potentially of the associated virome as well, on human health is becoming evident [ 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Although microbial correlations with human pathologies have been observed, no significant association of crAssphage genomic features with health or disease was found [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Study of the Crassphage Virus at Gene Level

Rossi

Treu

Toppo

et al. 2020

Viruses

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crAss-like viruses are a putative family of bacteriophages recently discovered. The eponym of the clade, crAssphage, is an enteric bacteriophage estimated to be present in at least half of the human population and it constitutes up to 90% of the sequences in some human fecal viral metagenomic datasets. We focused on the evolutionary dynamics of the genes encoded on the crAssphage genome. By investigating the conservation of the genes, a consistent variation in the evolutionary rates across the different functional groups was found. Gene duplications in crAss-like genomes were detected. By exploring the differences among the functional categories of the genes, we confirmed that the genes encoding capsid proteins were the most ubiquitous, despite their overall low sequence conservation. It was possible to identify a core of proteins whose evolutionary trees strongly correlate with each other, suggesting their genetic interaction. This group includes the capsid proteins, which are thus established as extremely suitable for rebuilding the phylogenetic tree of this viral clade. A negative correlation between the ubiquity and the conservation of viral protein sequences was shown. Together, this study provides an in-depth picture of the evolution of different genes in crAss-like viruses.

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Therapeutic implications of the gastrointestinal microbiome

Cited by 13 publications

References 52 publications

The Lactobacillus Bile Salt Hydrolase Repertoire Reveals Niche-Specific Adaptation

The Lactobacillus Bile Salt Hydrolase Repertoire Reveals Niche-Specific Adaptation

Prebiotics from acorn and sago prevent high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance via microbiome–gut–brain axis modulation

Evolutionary Study of the Crassphage Virus at Gene Level

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