Prebiotics from acorn and sago prevent high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance via microbiome–gut–brain axis modulation

Abstract

Role of gut microbiome in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) became apparent from several independent studies, indicating that gut microbiome modulators like prebiotics may improve microbiome perturbations (dysbiosis) to ameliorate metabolic derangements. We herein isolate water soluble, non-digestible polysaccharides from five plant based foods (acorn, quinoa, sunflower, pumpkin and sago seeds) and assess their impact on human fecal microbiome and amelioration of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity/T2D in mice. During polysaccharide isolation, purification, biochemical and digestion resistance characterization, and fermentation pattern by human fecal microbiome, we select acorn-and sago-derived prebiotics (on the basis of relatively higher purity and yield and lower protein contamination) and examine their effects in comparison to inulin. Prebiotics treatments in human fecal microbiome culture system not only preserve microbial diversity but also appear to foster beneficial bacteria and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Feeding of acorn-and sago-derived prebiotics ameliorates HFD-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in mice, with effects comparatively superior to those seen in inulin-fed mice. Feeding of both of novel prebiotics as well as inulin increases SCFAs levels in the mouse gut. Interestingly, gut hyperpermeability and mucosal inflammatory markers were *

Bioregional Alterations in Gut Microbiome Contribute to the Plasma Metabolomic Changes in Pigs Fed with Inulin

“…Consumption of inulin has been shown to prevent metabolic syndrome [36], obesity [3], cardiovascular disease [2], and T2D [4]. In the current study, using pigs as an excellent mimic model for human, the regulating effect of inulin on lipid metabolism was confirmed.…”

“…A plethora of studies suggest that the dietary fibers, such as inulin, confer health benefits to host metabolism; protect against the metabolic disorder; and reduces the risk of inflammatory bowel diseases [1], cardiovascular diseases [2], obesity [3], and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) [4] in human. Inulin encompasses all β (2→1) linear fructans of varying chain lengths.…”

Microbial Medicine: Prebiotic and Probiotic Functional Foods to Target Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

“…Similarly, Bomhof and Saha found that prebiotic OFS treatment elicited potent effects on the gut microbiota of diet-induced obese rats, thereby reducing adiposity and improving glycemic control as measured by reduced fasting insulin and increased insulin sensitivity [121]. In another study by Ahmadi et al, supplementation with sago and acorn-derived prebiotic fibers was also shown to prevent HFD-induced insulin resistance in mice, reportedly via the combined action of reducing enteric mucosal inflammation and exerting a modulatory effect on hypothalamic energy signaling [122].…”

An Animal Model to Study Klebsiella pneumoniae Gastro-Intestinal Colonization and Host-to-Host Transmission

“…Equimolar pooled library was sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform using 2×300bp reagent kit (Miseq reagent kit v3; Illumina Inc.) for paired-end sequencing. The sequencing quality control was done with on-board Miseq Control Software and Miseq Reporter (Illumina Inc.) and the obtained sequences were de-multiplexed, quality-filtered, clustered and analyzed using QIIME software package (34, 35, 38, 39). Taxonomy classification was performed within QIIME based on 97% sequence similarity to the Greengenes database (38).…”