Theranostic Advances in Breast Cancer in Nuclear Medicine

Vahidfar, Nasim; Aghanejad, Ayuob; Ahmadzadehfar, Hojjat; Farzanehfar, Saeed; Eppard, Elisabeth

doi:10.3390/ijms22094597

Cited by 40 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(135 reference statements)

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“…There are many fascinating fields of research that are being explored, such as harnessing the microbiome and continued exploration of the role of the gut in immunotherapy as one example 208 . In addition, many tools have been discovered and flourished to enhance drug development, such as artificial intelligence, CRISPR-Cas9, single-cell sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, spatial proteomics and theranostics; the list keeps growing [209][210][211][212][213][214][215] . Recent drug constructs such as the ADCs and upcoming bispecifics will continue to improve our ability to safely target HER2 + cells, while limiting AEs for our patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting HER2-positive breast cancer: advances and future directions

Swain

Shastry

Hamilton

2022

Nat Rev Drug Discov

197

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The long-sought discovery of HER2 as an actionable and highly sensitive therapeutic target was a major breakthrough for the treatment of highly aggressive HER2-positive breast cancer, leading to approval of the first HER2-targeted drug -the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab -almost 25 years ago. Since then, progress has been swift and the impressive clinical activity across multiple trials with monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates that target HER2 has spawned extensive efforts to develop newer platforms and more targeted therapies. This Review discusses the current standards of care for HER2-positive breast cancer, mechanisms of resistance to HER2targeted therapy and new therapeutic approaches and agents, including Nature Reviews Drug Discovery Review articlethan half of patients with metastatic HER2 + disease are diagnosed de novo, further demonstrating that most patients presenting with early disease are cured 6 .However, despite this success, metastatic HER2 + tumours inevitably develop resistance, leading to disease progression. As such, the goal of therapy in HER2 + BC is to expand the number of patients cured in the early setting and prevent recurrence. In those HER2 + cancers that do present with de novo stage IV disease or ultimately recur, development of novel therapies is needed as these tumours continue to be dependent on HER2 signalling. Therefore, extensive research is ongoing in the preclinical, translational and clinical arenas to develop original and more potent therapies for this exceptionally sensitive target, HER2.Advances in targeting HER2 include further exploitation of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), altering the linkers, payload or antibody scaffold to optimize efficacy 7,8 . Another approach is the development of bispecific antibodies, which use binding of two different HER2 epitopes to maximize efficacy 9 . As immunotherapy has shown benefit in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), attempts to mobilize the immune system in HER2 + disease are also ongoing. Immunotherapy is being approached from various angles including administering

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting HER2-positive breast cancer: advances and future directions

Swain

Shastry

Hamilton

2022

Nat Rev Drug Discov

197

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“…However, there are considerable limitations to this method including high physiological background activity, low glucose transporter density, and varying hexokinase activity in some malignant tissues, which can lead to a decreased specificity when making a diagnosis [ 124 , 125 ]. The radiolabeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) is a novel class of radiopharmaceuticals that has shown promising diagnostic results for various tumor types [ 126 , 127 ]. A type II serine protease, the fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is expressed by cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and CAFs are associated with stroma in many tumors with poor prognosis [ 128 , 129 , 130 ].…”

Section: Recent Advances Of [ 68 Ga]ga-fapi In Var...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Nuclear Medicine Approaches in the Diagnosis and the Treatment of Gynecological Malignancies

Vahidfar

Farzanefar

Ahmadzadehfar

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Nuclear medicine is defined as the diagnosis and the treatment of disease using radiolabeled compounds known as radiopharmaceuticals. Single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and positron emission tomography/computer tomography (PET/CT) based radiopharmaceuticals have proven reliable in diagnostic imaging in nuclear medicine and cancer treatment. One of the most critical cancers that also relies on an early diagnosis is gynecological cancer. Given that approximately 25% of all cancers in developing countries are a subset of gynecological cancer, investigating this cancer subtype is of significant clinical worth, particularly in light of its high rate of mortality. With accurate identification of high grade distant abdominal endometrial cancer as well as extra abdominal metastases, 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) PET/CT imaging is considered a valuable step forward in the investigation of gynecological cancer. Considering these factors, [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging can assist in making management of patient therapy more feasible. In this literature review, we will provide a short overview of the role of nuclear medicine in the diagnosis of obstetric and gynecological cancers.

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“…2,3 In this regard, one of the frequently used imaging modalities that can evaluate both cardiovascular diseases and oncologic conditions is ultrasound (US) imaging. [4][5][6] Among the different imaging modalities, US imaging has assumed a critical role compared to the other modalities due to its real-time and portable imaging capabilities. As a low-cost method with good safety (nonionizing radiation) and due to its non-invasive and highly penetrating nature, it is more frequently used compared to the other modalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%