Theory-of-mind abilities in older patients with common mental disorders – a cross-sectional study

Peters, Meinolf; Schulz, Holger

doi:10.1080/13607863.2021.1935461

Cited by 13 publications

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“…Positiv im Hinblick auf therapeutische Möglichkeiten sind die Unterschiede in den Mentalisierungsfähigkeiten zu verstehen, die zu Gunsten der älteren Patienten ausfallen. Zwar sind diese Fähigkeiten Älterer bisher wenig untersucht worden, und bisherige Studien legen Defizite v. a. im Bereich des fremdbezogenen Mentalisierens nahe 9 , doch in der selbstbezogenen Mentalisierungsfähigkeit finden sich geringere Einbußen. Dieser Fähigkeitsbereich aber ist im Hinblick auf die Indikation für eine psychotherapeutische Behandlung von erheblicher Bedeutung 23 .…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

“…Der überwiegende Teil der Studien machte Defizite im Alter sichtbar, d. h. Älteren fällt es schwerer, die mentalen und affektiven Zustände des Gegenübers zu erkennen und richtig wahrzunehmen [8]. Peters und Schulz [9] konnten zeigen, dass diese Defizite in einer klinischen Stichprobe noch deutlich ausgeprägter sind. We niger Befunde liegen zum selbstbezogenen Mentalisieren vor, die Ergebnisse von Peters und Schulz [10] deuten aber darauf hin, dass in diesem Fähigkeitsbereich weniger Defizite auftreten, auch diese allerdings in der klinischen Gruppe stärker ausgeprägt sind.…”

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Ältere Patienten in der Psychosomatischen Klinik – Gesundheit, Bindung und Mentalisierung

Peters

2022

Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol

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ZusammenfassungBislang ist wenig bekannt über ältere Menschen, die in Psychosomatischen Kliniken behandelt werden, obwohl die Behandlungszahlen dieser Altersgruppe zunehmen. In der hier vorgestellten Untersuchung wurde eine Stichprobe über 60jähriger Patienten dreier Psychosomatischer Kliniken (N=83) und eine Stichprobe klinisch nicht auffälliger Probanden (N=89) gleichen Alters untersucht. Neben gesundheitlichen Variablen, in denen sich die älteren Patienten von den klinisch nicht-auffälligen Probanden sowie von jüngeren Patienten unterschieden, wurde der Zusammenhang von Bindung und Mentalisierung im Rahmen zweier Regressionsanalysen genauer untersucht. Dabei zeigte sich, dass bindungsbezogene Angst und bindungsbezogene Vermeidung in der klinischen Gruppe signifikant stärker ausgeprägt sind, jedoch mit jeweils unterschiedlichen Mentalisierungsaspekten einhergehen. Abschließend werden einige Schlussfolgerungen im Hinblick auf die Behandlung älterer Patienten in Psychosomatischen Kliniken gezogen. Schlüsselwörter: Psychosomatische Klinik, ältere Patienten, Gesundheit, Bindung, Mentalisierung

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Ältere Patienten in der Psychosomatischen Klinik – Gesundheit, Bindung und Mentalisierung

Peters

2022

Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol

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“…Furthermore, we postulated that the connection becomes more robust with increasing age, an assumption derived from the "theory of secondary structural deficits," which assumes an increase in structural vulnerability with age, meaning that stressful events can have a more negative impact with increasing age (Peters, 2021b). In contrast to structural deficits in personality disorders, "secondary" means that they are related to the aging process, something shown for theory-of-mind skills, among others (Peters & Schulz, 2021). It is assumed here that age is effective as a moderator concerning the connection between potentially traumatic events and later attachment security.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma and Attachment in Older Patients with Common Mental Disorders

Peters¹

2023

GeroPsych

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Abstract. The question of the consequences of earlier traumatic experiences in older age cannot be limited to a symptomatic level but should also include additional psychological functions. Of particular interest here is attachment orientation. The present study investigates the question of the connection between potentially traumatic events experienced in the course of life and attachment orientations in old age in a sample of patients of a psychosomatic clinic ( N = 150). The results show that such events are associated with reduced attachment security in older adulthood. However, I could not confirm that this connection becomes more vital in old age. Nevertheless, the results also have a high clinical significance. Finally, I discuss the therapeutic consequences.

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“…However, hardly any studies are available on elderly individuals. Using the Reading-the-Mind-in-the-Eyes Test (RMET), Peters and Schulz [13] were able to show that deficits in ToM skills were significantly more pronounced in a clinically stressed group of older people than in a clinically unstressed group. Cheavens et al [14] showed that older people with Axis I disorders also have deficits in affect regulation, and Varkal et al [15] confirmed that older patients with generalized anxiety disorders are less able to control their own thoughts due to negative metacognitive assumptions, which favours the development of anxiety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the MZQ refers more to self-related mentalizing ability – including self-reflection and affective and pre-mentalizing aspects – the question of its relationship to other-related mentalizing abilities, i.e., ToM was of interest since the balance of both components can be understood as an expression of good mentalizing ability [1]. Since ToM abilities are closely related to executive functions [13], the question was whether these functions are also related to other mentalizing aspects. Finally, the question of whether correlations of sociodemographic variables, in particular age, with self-related mentalizing abilities could also be demonstrated was of interest; it was expected that the correlations would be negative.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Mentalizing Abilities in Older Adults with and without Common Mental Disorders

Peters¹,

Schulz²

2022

Psychopathology

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Introduction: The concept of mentalization is of central importance not only in modern psychotherapy but also in geriatric psychotherapy. In relation to older people, deficits in some aspects of the ability to mentalize, such as the theory of mind (ToM), affect perception, and metacognitive skills, are known. However, little is known about the mentalization ability of older people with mental disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mentalizing abilities of older patients with depressive and anxious symptoms. Methods: In this study, the ability to mentalize using the Mentalization Questionnaire (MZQ), the HEALTH-49 questionnaire, Trail-Making Test (executive functions), and Reading-the-Mind-in-the-eyes-test (ToM) was studied in a clinical (n = 150) and a nonclinical comparison sample of people (n = 150) in different age groups (40–54, 55–69, ≥70). The evaluation of the data was conducted with different statistical methods, especially variance and regression analyses. Results: The clinical sample of all age groups showed significantly poorer mentalizing skills than the nonclinical samples. There were large correlations to health-related aspects. Additionally, in the regression analysis, only the setting variable (clinical vs. nonclinical) had an influence on the MZQ score and neither gender, education, executive functions nor ToM had a significant influence. Age also had no effect and did not correlate with MZQ scores but did correlate negatively with ToM. Conclusions: The results show the importance of mentalization concepts for mental disorders in patients in the second half of life. There are indications of an imbalance of different aspects of mentalizing ability, especially between self- and other-related mentalizing abilities. Improving this balance could be a goal of therapeutic interventions.

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Theory-of-mind abilities in older patients with common mental disorders – a cross-sectional study

Cited by 13 publications

References 48 publications

Ältere Patienten in der Psychosomatischen Klinik – Gesundheit, Bindung und Mentalisierung

Ältere Patienten in der Psychosomatischen Klinik – Gesundheit, Bindung und Mentalisierung

Trauma and Attachment in Older Patients with Common Mental Disorders

Comparing Mentalizing Abilities in Older Adults with and without Common Mental Disorders

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