Theory of Manual Vehicular Control

McRuer, Duane T.; Weir, David H.

doi:10.1109/tmms.1969.299930

Cited by 99 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…McRuer and Weir, 1969;Weir and McRuer, 1968). The model was published in 1967 and it is still alive and well: it has been improved several times (e.g.…”

Section: Adaptive Control Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical View of Driver Behavior Models: What Do We Know, What Should We Do?

Michon

1985

Human Behavior and Traffic Safety

904

691

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There appears to be a lack of new ideas in driver behavior modeling. Although behavioral research is under some pressure, it seems too facile to attribute this deplorable state of affairs only to a lack of research funds. In my opinion the causal chain may well run in the opposite direction. An analysis of what is wrong has led me to the conclusion that human factors research in the area of driver behavior has hardly been touched by the "cognitive revolution" that 'swept psychology in the past fifteen years. A more cognitive approach might seem advisable and the "promise of progress" of such an approach should be assessed.

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“…McRuer and Weir, 1969;Weir and McRuer, 1968). The model was published in 1967 and it is still alive and well: it has been improved several times (e.g.…”

Section: Adaptive Control Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical View of Driver Behavior Models: What Do We Know, What Should We Do?

Michon

1985

Human Behavior and Traffic Safety

904

691

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“…McRuer provided quantitative models that describe the pilot response to the tracking error for different controlled elements. [23][24][25] These models assess that pilots adapt their response such that the open-loop transfer function between the tracking error e and the roll angle of the aircraft φ ce resembles an integratorlike dynamics at frequencies around the crossover frequency ω c :…”

Section: Control Task and Identification Of Pilot Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Comparison of Haptic and Automated Pilot Support Systems

Olivari

Nieuwenhuizen

Bülthoff

et al. 2014

AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference

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External aids are required to increase safety and performance during the manual control of an aircraft. Automated systems allow to surpass the performance usually achieved by pilots. However, they suffer from several issues caused by pilot unawareness of the control command from the automation. Haptic aids can overcome these issues by showing their control command through forces on the control device. To investigate how the transparency of the haptic control action influences performance and pilot behavior, a quantitative comparison between haptic aids and automation is needed. An experiment was conducted in which pilots performed a compensatory tracking task with haptic aids and with automation. The haptic aid and the automation were designed to be equivalent when the pilot was out-of-the-loop, i.e., to provide the same control command. Pilot performance and control effort were then evaluated with pilots in-the-loop and contrasted to a baseline condition without external aids. The haptic system allowed pilots to improve performance compared with the baseline condition. However, automation outperformed the other two conditions. Pilots control effort was reduced by the haptic aid and the automation in a similar way. In addition, the pilot open-loop response was estimated with a non-parametric estimation method. Changes in the pilot response were observed in terms of increased crossover frequency with automation, and decreased neuromuscular peak with haptics.

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“…18 However, on today's flight decks, manual control has been relegated to a relatively minor role during normal operations, having been largely replaced by supervisory control and other cognitive activities that are much less transparent and thus much harder to model. Nevertheless, because of their obvious practical advantages over full-fledged HITLS, HPMs may soon be able to provide useful information for system development and in system evaluation.…”

Section: E Pilot Performance Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of LOC-I Interventions

Burki-Cohen

Sparko

2012

AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference

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The basic tenet of this paper is that today's national airspace systems, at least in advanced industrial countries, qualify as so-called Highly Reliable Systems (HRS). In an HRS, even the type of accident that causes the most fatalities is a rare event. This means that in an HRS, the avoidance of accidents is a frequent event. Therefore, the best way to improve an already highly reliable system would be to learn from the cases where accidents have been avoided. This is not possible, however, because you can't learn from what is unknown. Instead, safety managers resort to retrospective analyses of the most deadly accidents overall. In an unreliable system, it makes sense to correct what is wrong. In an HRS, however, any mitigation efforts that arise from rare, unpredictable, and often unique events carry great danger to upset the balance of the HRS. Such interventions must be scrupulously vetted, in a series of steps that become increasingly costly as the series progresses. This paper makes some suggestions for these steps. If the anticipated benefit from the intervention is not worth the cost of such a thorough review for unintended consequences, then it may be better to accept the existing high reliability of the system as good enough and leave the system unchanged.

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Theory of Manual Vehicular Control

Cited by 99 publications

References 40 publications

A Critical View of Driver Behavior Models: What Do We Know, What Should We Do?

A Critical View of Driver Behavior Models: What Do We Know, What Should We Do?

An Experimental Comparison of Haptic and Automated Pilot Support Systems

Validation of LOC-I Interventions

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