Theory of electrolyte crystallization in magnetic field

The effect of magnetic field on ion hydration and sulfate scale formation

“…In many practical situations, the electrolytic solution or particle dispersion flows through an MF so that the resulting Lorenz force plays the main role in anti-scale effects [13]. For instance, the increase of flow rate and duration of magnetic field exposure increased the anti-scale effects for CaCO 3 [14].…”

Magnetic device simulation modelling and optimisation for scale control

“…Namely, in addition to the complexity of CaCO 3 crystallization and its dependence on numerous treatment parameters, the working principle of AMT is far from magnetic-force action. In the physicochemical mechanism of water dispersion/solution, various influences may alter micellization/crystallization during exposure to the magnetic field, such as induced changes in hydration of ions and crystal surfaces, or magnetically induced proton transfer from hydrogen carbonate to water (owing to proton spin inversion in the field of diamagnetic salts) [15]. Additionally, Lorentz-force action on electrically charged particles, ions, molecules and surfaces occurs when water is conducted through the magnetic field [16].…”

Effect of Magnetic Treatment of Potable Water in Looped and Dead End Water Networks

“…Many studies have been reported that the availability and applicability of the magnetic water treatment in different fields and this task has conventional devotion from the scientific community [12][13][14][15]. The previous studies reported that when water is exposed to a magnetic field, its molecules will arrange in one direction, in which this is the main purpose of changing the physical and chemical properties of water [16][17][18]. These studies proved that the magnetic field does not affect the constitution of water molecules but causes fluctuations only on the distribution and polarizability of oxygen and hydrogen atoms.…”