Theories of Second-Generation Adaptation

Portes, Alejandro; Aparicio, Rosa; Haller, William

doi:10.1525/california/9780520286290.003.0002

Cited by 4 publications

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“… There is nothing intrinsic to a group being better at business than another. While Chinese immigrants may be successful entrepreneurs and achieve social mobility in America, that is not always the case in Spain (Portes et al 2016 ). While Pakistanis and South Asian first-generation immigrants may have been seen primarily as working-class in the United Kingdom, in Barcelona (Serra del Pozo 2018 ) and New York (Chaudhary 2017 ), many are highly successful entrepreneurs.…”

Section: Cross-case Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chinese owners have dominated the 1-dollar shops locally called bazares . In Spain, the stereotypes associated with Asians are opposite from those in America and Canada, where they are seen as hardworking, disciplined, and good students (Portes et al 2016 ). There is some tension between businesses owned by locals and Chinese immigrants in some areas of Barcelona with a long tradition of cloth manufacturing where some companies owned by Spanish individuals are still operating.…”

Section: Barcelonamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Notes on the Context of Reception and Immigrant Entrepreneurship in New York City, Washington, DC, El Paso, Barcelona, and Paris

Castañeda

2020

The Urban Book Series

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The chapter provides a comparison of immigrant businesses in different cities in the United States and Europe. The chapter draws from several projects conducted by the author. It compares small ethnic businesses in various neighborhoods in order to discuss general patterns and specific arrangements between immigrants and the rate and type of ventures that they start. This chapter shows how the way that different city governments and civil society receive and treat immigrants impacts their entrepreneurial behavior. One should be careful when generalizing about the innate business ability or the propensity of a particular race or ethnicity to engage in commerce or entrepreneurship. It also shows how often storefronts do not necessarily map with the majority of people living in a street or neighborhood.

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Section: Cross-case Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Barcelonamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Notes on the Context of Reception and Immigrant Entrepreneurship in New York City, Washington, DC, El Paso, Barcelona, and Paris

Castañeda

2020

The Urban Book Series

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“…Psycho-social indicators that have been shown to affect these outcomes include adolescent ambition — as indexed by educational aspirations and expectations — national self-identification, and perceptions of discrimination by members of the receiving society (Portes, Aparicio, and Haller 2016). Each of these dimensions has received a good deal of attention in the literature (Kao and Tienda 1998; Alba, Sloan, and Sperling 2011), and their determinants have been examined at great length (Aparicio and Portes 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…First, they have been commonly based on cross-sectional data, where the causal order between predictors and outcomes cannot be established with certainty. For example, higher school grades are consistently associated with higher educational ambition (Portes, Aparicio, and Haller 2016), but with cross-sectional data, it is not clear what leads to what. Similarly, national self-identification correlates with fluency in the host society’s language (Rumbaut 1994), but, again, it is not clear what is the cause and what is the effect (Kasinitz, Mollenkopf, and Waters 2002; Waters and Kasinitz 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Such data are difficult to obtain and, in the European context, almost nonexistent. The present study makes use of the only known European data set meeting these estimation requirements: the Longitudinal Investigation of the Second Generation, conducted in Spain between 2008 and 2012 (Portes, Aparicio, and Haller 2016). The study, known by its initials in Spanish (ILSEG), followed large samples of children of immigrants in metropolitan Barcelona and Madrid from early adolescence, at average age 14, to late adolescence four years later.…”

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Determinants of Psycho-Social Adaptation in the Spanish Second Generation: A Fixed-Effects Analysis

Vickstrom

Portes

2018

International Migration Review

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This analysis seeks to establish the key causal determinants of four psycho-social outcomes of children of immigrants — educational aspirations, educational expectations, perceptions of discrimination, and national self-identity — through first-differencing fixed-effects models. Using longitudinal data from the Spanish ILSEG study, we find that both increased identification with the host country and reported experiences of discrimination in it significantly increase educational ambition over time. Reduced experiences of discrimination facilitate increased identification with the host society, while such identification leads to less perceived hostility. Birthplace proves to be the strongest predictor of national self-identity.

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Linking suburban youth in Madrid and Paris. The role of civil society structures in the integration of children from Muslim backgrounds

Mayer

2018

Urban Studies

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This comparative study focuses on how civil society structures influence youth from a Muslim background in their upward mobility and local belonging (to the neighbourhood and to the city). Under comparison are one banlieue in Paris and one barrio in Madrid, similar in terms of social precarity and yet different in their degree of ethnic and religious diversity, their connection to the city centre, the state funding they receive and their civic participation. In the case of the neighbourhood of San Cristóbal (Madrid), a lack of state investment has resulted in a diminished capacity for civil society to connect young people to new opportunities. However, their daily contact with the city centre, the ethnic diversity in the neighbourhood and collaborative efforts between secular and religious structures work together to foster a sense of mixed belonging among young Spanish Muslims. In contrast, significant investment by the State in the suburb of Les Bosquets (Paris) since the riots in 2005 have indeed linked young people to new opportunities, but at the cost of an institutionalisation of civil society structures. In Les Bosquets, increased ethnic segregation, geographical isolation, and the estrangement of religious and ‘laic’ (i.e. secular) organisations are all responsible for the new sense of malaise felt by youths, thus severely affecting their sense of belonging.

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Theories of Second-Generation Adaptation

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Comparative Notes on the Context of Reception and Immigrant Entrepreneurship in New York City, Washington, DC, El Paso, Barcelona, and Paris

Comparative Notes on the Context of Reception and Immigrant Entrepreneurship in New York City, Washington, DC, El Paso, Barcelona, and Paris

Determinants of Psycho-Social Adaptation in the Spanish Second Generation: A Fixed-Effects Analysis

Linking suburban youth in Madrid and Paris. The role of civil society structures in the integration of children from Muslim backgrounds

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