“…These states can be related to state properties via the formally defined satisfaction relation |=, comparable to the Holds-predicate in the Situation Calculus (see Reiter, 2001 for an introduction, and(Pozos Parra, Nayak, &Demolombe, 2005) for an example application): state(c, t, output) |= p denotes that state property p holds in trace c at time t in the output state of the organism. Based on these statements, dynamic properties can be formulated in a formal manner in a sorted first-order predicate logic with sorts T for time points, Traces for traces and F for state formulae, using quantifiers over time and the usual first-order logical connectives such as ,^, _, ), ", $.…”