Integrating State Constraints and Obligations in Situation Calculus

Demolombe, Robert; Parra, Pilar Pozos

doi:10.4114/ia.v13i41.1030

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…After John McCarthy's introduction of this theory, people made extensions capable of representing knowledge, belief, intention, and obligation in order to better reason about actions and their effects on the world (Shapiro et al 2011;Scherl and Levesque 2003;Demolombe and Parra 2009). We will introduce and adopt those extensions in the following sections as appropriate.…”

Section: Technical Framework: Situation Calculusmentioning

confidence: 99%

A formal account of opportunism based on the situation calculus

Luo

Meyer

2016

AI & Soc

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In social interactions, it is common for individuals to possess different amounts of knowledge about a specific transaction, and those who are more knowledgeable might perform opportunistic behavior to others in their interest, which promotes their value but demotes others' value. Such a typical social behavior is called opportunistic behavior (opportunism). In this paper, we propose a formal account of opportunism based on the situation calculus. We first propose a model of opportunism that only considers a single action between two agents, and then extend it to multiple actions and incorporate social context in the model. A simple example of selling a broken cup is used to illustrate our models. Through our models, we can have a thorough understanding of opportunism.

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Section: Technical Framework: Situation Calculusmentioning

confidence: 99%

A formal account of opportunism based on the situation calculus

Luo

Meyer

2016

AI & Soc

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“…After John McCarthy's introduction of this theory, people made extensions capable of representing knowledge, belief, intention and obligation in order to better reason about actions and their effects on the world [8][9][10]. We will introduce and adopt those extensions in the following sections as appropriate.…”

Section: Technical Framework: Situation Calculusmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Formalizing Opportunism Based on Situation Calculus

Luo

Meyer

Dignum

2015

Communications in Computer and Information Science

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Abstract. In social interactions, it is common for one party to possess more or better knowledge about a specific transaction than others. In this situation, parties who are more knowledgeable might perform opportunistic behavior to others, which is against others' interest thus leading to relationship deterioration. In this study, we propose formal models of opportunism, which consist of the properties knowledge asymmetry, value opposition and intention, based on situation calculus in different context settings. We illustrate our formalization through a simple example. Further study on its emergence and constraint mechanism can be carried out based on the formal models.

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Dyadic Obligations over Complex Actions as Deontic Constraints in the Situation Calculus

Claßen

Delgrande

2020

Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning

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With the advent of artificial agents in everyday life, it is important that these agents are guided by social norms and moral guidelines. Notions of obligation, permission, and the like have traditionally been studied in the field of Deontic Logic, where deontic assertions generally refer to what an agent should or should not do; that is they refer to actions. In Artificial Intelligence, the Situation Calculus is (arguably) the best known and most studied formalism for reasoning about action and change. In this paper, we integrate these two areas by incorporating deontic notions into Situation Calculus theories. We do this by considering deontic assertions as constraints, expressed as a set of conditionals, which apply to complex actions expressed as GOLOG programs. These constraints induce a ranking of "ideality" over possible future situations. This ranking in turn is used to guide an agent in its planning deliberation, towards a course of action that adheres best to the deontic constraints. We present a formalization that includes a wide class of (dyadic) deontic assertions, lets us distinguish prima facie from all-things-considered obligations, and particularly addresses contrary-to-duty scenarios. We furthermore present results on compiling the deontic constraints directly into the Situation Calculus action theory, so as to obtain an agent that respects the given norms, but works solely based on the standard reasoning and planning techniques.

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Integrating State Constraints and Obligations in Situation Calculus

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

A formal account of opportunism based on the situation calculus

A formal account of opportunism based on the situation calculus

On Formalizing Opportunism Based on Situation Calculus

Dyadic Obligations over Complex Actions as Deontic Constraints in the Situation Calculus

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