Theoretical modeling of condensation of steam outside different vertical geometries (tube, flat plates) in the presence of noncondensable gases like air and helium

Review of vapor condensation heat and mass transfer in the presence of non-condensable gas

“…They found that R134a/air condensation heat transfer liquid film was thicker, the heat transfer rate was lower, and the pressure drop was smaller. Ganguli et al [141] proposed the different shapes condensation models with NCG take during a loss of coolant accident (LOCA) of nuclear reactors.…”

Issues on containment integrity during severe accidents

“…Severity of consequences depends largely on the melt release states from RPY. Major processes constituting various ex-vessel phenomena are containment thermohydraulics, fission products transport, and melt dispersion [1,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][20][21][22].…”

“…Aerosols may also become airborne due to revolatization from sump pools. Bulk steam condensation over structural surfaces and aerosol particles in presence of non condensable gases is an important process with respect to the source term leakage/release into the environment [6,20,22].…”

“…SCDA could challenge containment integrity by overpressure loading because of non-condensable and combustible gases, and degradation of containment structure due to MCCL Decay heat of radionuclides is an additional source of containment heat load. Steam produced out of large water inventories of calandria and shield systems could pressurize the containment significantly higher than its design pressure well before MCCI unless steam pressure relieving means are resorted to [1,12,14,16,17,22].…”

Experimental study of steam–air condensation over a vertically longitudinal finned tube

“…Since the containment is full of with air in the normal situation, the steam mixed with air will condense over heat transfer surface. The air, as a noncondensable gas, is an unfavorable factor for the condensation heat transfer, so investigation on the steam-air condensation is meaningful and essential for the nuclear safety [4,5].…”