Theoretical investigation of a novel microwave antenna aided cryovial for rapid and uniform rewarming of frozen cryoprotective agent solutions

Predehydration and Ice Seeding in the Presence of Trehalose Enable Cell Cryopreservation

“…It is worth noting that the storage time (5 min versus 24 h) in liquid nitrogen does not significantly affect the postcryopreservation viability and attachment of both the fibroblasts and stem cells (Figure S5). This is probably because the sample can be cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature within 2–3 min (i.e., at ∼60–100 °C/min) after plunging into liquid nitrogen, , the kinetics of injury is negligible at the liquid nitrogen temperature, , and cryoinjury mainly occurs during the cooling-down and warming-up phases of a cryopreservation protocol. , These results are exciting and further studies are conducted to investigate the mechanisms by which ice seeding and trehalose predehydration inhibit IIF and improve cell survival.…”

“…After either 5 min or 24 h, the tube was taken out of liquid nitrogen and plunged into 37 °C water bath to warm for ∼1 min. The sample temperature after 5 min of cooling should be similar to that of liquid nitrogen according to the thermal measurements reported in the literature. , Finally, 200 μL of fresh medium was added into the tube to dilute the cells and trehalose for further examination of cell viability and attachment.…”

Advanced Biotechnology for Cell Cryopreservation

“…Nanowarming generally involves use of some nanomaterials such as Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 NPs) or gold nanorods (GNRs) that can rapidly convert electromagnetic or light energy into heat energy. Thus, rapid and uniform rewarming of bio-specimens can be realized/achieved by incorporating these nanomaterials into CPA solution and heating with external electromagnetic, radiofrequency (RF) or laser fields [94][95][96]. Numerous studies have affirmed that nanowarming technology is significantly effective and can be used for improving cryopreservation of cells, tissues, and organs.…”

Applying nanotechnology to cryopreservation studies: Status and future

“…(a) Temperature-response curves in pork tissues (with and without injected nanoparticles) recorded at different measurement positions (5 and 10 nm) [21] ; (b) the cross section of ice balls formed under the function of several freezing probes in tumor tissue: loading nanoparticles expands the functional area and overcomes the "blind zone" compared to conventional cryosurgery [20] [46] 图 7 (网络版彩色)磁性纳米颗粒辅助冷冻材料的高效复温. (a) 血管组织纳米磁感应加热复温 [27] : 将载有保护剂及纳米颗粒的冷冻组织置于交 变磁场中, 磁感应线圈激发纳米颗粒快速、均匀加热, 避免组织复温过程中的损伤并保证其后续可测试、使用性; (b) 利用微波天线电磁加热效 应, EC2冷冻溶液样品复温过程中的温度分布 [48] Figure 7 (Color online) Improved and rapid rewarming of frozen samples using magnetic nanoparticles. (a) Blood vessel tissue rewarming using inductive heating of magnetic nanoparticles [27] : Vitrified tissue loaded with cryoprotectant and nanoparticles is placed in an alternating magnetic field, an inductive coil stimulates rapid and uniform heating of nanoparticles in the tissue, which avoids warming failure and ensures further testing or use of the tissue; (b) temperature distribution in the frozen EC2 solution sample, during microwave antenna rewarming process [48] [55] .…”

“…(a) 血管组织纳米磁感应加热复温 [27] : 将载有保护剂及纳米颗粒的冷冻组织置于交 变磁场中, 磁感应线圈激发纳米颗粒快速、均匀加热, 避免组织复温过程中的损伤并保证其后续可测试、使用性; (b) 利用微波天线电磁加热效 应, EC2冷冻溶液样品复温过程中的温度分布 [48] Figure 7 (Color online) Improved and rapid rewarming of frozen samples using magnetic nanoparticles. (a) Blood vessel tissue rewarming using inductive heating of magnetic nanoparticles [27] : Vitrified tissue loaded with cryoprotectant and nanoparticles is placed in an alternating magnetic field, an inductive coil stimulates rapid and uniform heating of nanoparticles in the tissue, which avoids warming failure and ensures further testing or use of the tissue; (b) temperature distribution in the frozen EC2 solution sample, during microwave antenna rewarming process [48] [55] . Stubbs等人 [56] Currently, cryopreservation is considered as one of the most effective methods for preserving biological samples, such as biological molecules, cells, tissues and organs.…”