Theoretical framework for assessment of risks posed to Canadian forests by invasive insect species

Fuentealba, Álvaro; Alfaro, René I.; Bauce, Éric

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.023

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…For phytophagous species, this tendency may increase the chance of survival of newly arrived non-native species which, in conjunction with elevated stress on host plants, may increase the potential of successful establishment of new populations north of their current predicted range. This phenomenon has been recently demonstrated by an ongoing expansion of mountain pine beetle in Canada outside its native range (Patriquin et al 2005;Fuentealba et al 2013). As well, nonnative species in North America are continually moving northward at an estimated average rate of 16.9 km per year in response to climate change (Chen et al 2011), and this is anticipated to eventually result in more southern-established non-native species reaching the boreal zone.…”

Section: Establishment Factorsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…As well, nonnative species in North America are continually moving northward at an estimated average rate of 16.9 km per year in response to climate change (Chen et al 2011), and this is anticipated to eventually result in more southern-established non-native species reaching the boreal zone. It is hypothesized that warmer climate and higher temperatures in the boreal ecosystems would provide sufficient degree-days for non-native species established further south to complete development in the boreal zone (Fuentealba et al 2013). It is also generally agreed that the frequency and magnitude of alien insect outbreaks and the aspects of their behavior will intensify as the climate warms (Logan et al 2003;Régnière 2009;Régnière et al 2009).…”

Section: Establishment Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-native species in Canada’s boreal zone: diversity, impacts, and risk

et al. 2014

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More than 1180 non-native species, mostly of Palaearctic origin, have been recorded from the boreal zone of Canada, with the highest diversity on the island of Newfoundland and in the southern boreal zone of Ontario and Quebec. The non-native biota of the boreal zone (and of Canada in general) is poorly known in terms of species composition and distribution. A large proportion of species are associated with disturbed anthropogenic habitats such as urban areas, agricultural landscapes, transportation and communication corridors, and industrial developments. Natural habitats in the boreal zone have a high degree of resistance to invasion compared with those of other Canadian zones, likely owing to harsh climates, low light levels, poor soil nutrient availability, low soil pH, low productivity, and dense covering of the ground by plants, especially bryophytes. Of the relatively few non-native species that have successfully colonized the boreal zone, many decline greatly in abundance after a few years, suggesting biotic resilience. To date the boreal zone has shown the least resistance and resilience to large vertebrates (moose and white-tailed deer) translocated to islands, diseases of vertebrates, and earthworms. In general, the ecological impacts of non-native species on the boreal zone have been poorly studied, and there are few examples where such impacts are evident. Likewise, there has been little attempt to quantify the economic impacts of non-native species in either the boreal zone or in Canada as a whole. In the few cases where management measures have been implemented for highly destructive non-native species, results have been somewhat successful, especially where classical biological control measures have been implemented against insects on trees. Chemical and mechanical management measures have had only limited success in localized situations. Management resources are most effectively applied to reducing the risk of introduction. The risk to the boreal zone posed by future new non-native species is increasing with the warming climate and the fast and direct transport of goods into the boreal zone from points of origin. Five recommendations are provided to address recognized gaps concerning non-native species.Résumé : On a enregistré plus de 1180 espèces non indigènes, surtout d'origine paléarctique, dans la zone de la forêt boréale du Canada, dont la plus grande diversité se retrouve sur l'île de Terre-Neuve et dans la zone boréale méridionale de l'Ontario et du Québec. Le biote non indigène de la zone boréale (et du Canada en général) est mal connu en ce qui concerne sa composition et sa distribution. Une forte proportion des espèces est associée à des habitats perturbés par l'homme comme les milieux urbains, les paysages agricoles, les corridors de communication et de transport ainsi que les développements industriels. Les habitats naturels de la zone boréale montrent un fort degré de résistance à l'invasion, comparativement à ceux d'autres zones du Canada, vraisemblablement à cause des climats rigou...

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Section: Establishment Factorsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Establishment Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-native species in Canada’s boreal zone: diversity, impacts, and risk

et al. 2014

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“…The framework proposed by Fuentealba et al (2013) is used here to illustrate the usefulness of conducting a pest risk assessment before planting. The framework consists of four main steps.…”

Section: Risk Assessment In Regenerating Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insects affecting regenerating conifers in Canada: natural history and management

Alfaro

Fuentealba

2015

Can Entomol

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Abstract-A number of insect species in a variety of families and orders damage early regenerating forests. Successful management of pests of regenerating forests requires detailed information on the natural history of the damaging organism, including the factors that increase risk, and a careful assessment of the risk mitigation options. Decision support systems, in the form of stand models capable of incorporating pest management options are required to guide decisions in terms of the expected yields under various pest management scenarios. In this paper we review research to date on the natural history and damage of the most important insect pests of regenerating forests in Canada and propose a framework for risk assessment. Canadian scientists have been active contributors to the research that advanced this field, from the early descriptive studies, to the development of practical tools to assist industry in managing pests of young forests.

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“…However, these studies have either been conducted during an outbreak (MacLean et al 1984) or restricted to a particular region (Northern Minnesota (Batzer 1973) and Ottawa River Valley (Fournier et al 2010)) which do not permit to do a complete appraisal of treatment e cacy because tree mortality continues several years after the end of the outbreak (e.g. Blais 1981a) and the fact that tree and stand characteristics may affect host and stand vulnerability (MacLean 1980;Fuentealba et al 2013) and therefore the long-term e cacy of insecticide treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Insecticide Aerial Spraying Programs to Reduce Tree Mortality During a Spruce Budworm Outbreak (1967‒1992) in the Quebec Province.

Fuentealba

Dupont

Quezada-García

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana) is the most important pest of conifer forests in Eastern North America. The main approach to protect Quebec forests against this defoliator is aerial spraying of insecticides. Despite the crucial role of aerial spraying of insecticides in the global forest protection strategy, little is known about its real impact on tree mortality reduction or the stand characteristics that may affect its long-term efficacy. We evaluate the efficacy of the protection program implemented between 1967 and 1992 in reducing tree mortality during the previous outbreak in Quebec and how its efficacy is affected by stand characteristics such as drainage quality and stand age. We established 422 plots in Eastern Quebec based on the following parameters: insecticide application (0-13 years), stand composition, drainage quality, and stand age at the beginning of the previous outbreak. Our results show that unprotected plots exhibited in average between 18 and 32.6% higher mortality than protected plots. Insecticide efficacy was affected by drainage quality. For example, protected plots established on sites with bad drainage quality exhibited 49% less balsam fir mortality than unprotected plots. Furthermore, immature and mature protected stands exhibited a similar reduction in balsam fir mortality (32.2 and 32.1% less mortality respectively) compare to unprotected stands. Our results may be useful for decision-makers not only to decide where and when apply insecticides during a spruce budworm outbreak but also, they may help to determine the pertinence of continuous protection during longer than usual outbreaks depending on protection goal.

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Theoretical framework for assessment of risks posed to Canadian forests by invasive insect species

Cited by 21 publications

References 49 publications

Non-native species in Canada’s boreal zone: diversity, impacts, and risk

Non-native species in Canada’s boreal zone: diversity, impacts, and risk

Insects affecting regenerating conifers in Canada: natural history and management

Efficacy of Insecticide Aerial Spraying Programs to Reduce Tree Mortality During a Spruce Budworm Outbreak (1967‒1992) in the Quebec Province.

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