Theoretical Bases of Indo-European Linguistics

Lehmann, Winfred Philipp

doi:10.4324/9780203437643

Cited by 24 publications

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“…If verbal prefixes are just a copy of the incorporated preposition, then we expect all prefixes to have a prepositional counterpart. This is not problematic from the diachronic point of view because prefixes are historically derived from prepositions or both categories have a common ancestor (see Smyth 1920/1974, Němec 1954, Kopečný 1973, Wunderlich 1987, Lehmann 1993, Stiebels 1996, Blake 2001, Van Gelderen 2011. From the synchronic point of view, many authors investigating verbal prefixes (and particles) in various languages have argued that these elements belong to the category preposition; see Jackendoff (1973), Emonds (1976Emonds ( , 1985, Van Riemsdijk (1978), Den Dikken (1995), Zeller (2001a) and McIntyre (2007McIntyre ( , 2015a.…”

Section: Verbal Prefixes Are Incorporated Prepositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prepositions, Case and Verbal Prefixes

Biskup

2019

Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today

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Introduction 2 Verbal prefixes 2.1 R Russian SK Slovak SL Slovenian US Upper Sorbian 'become ill' 'start running' (2) a. prze-robić b. prze-pisać overdo over-write 'rework' 'rewrite' (3) a. na-begat'sja b. na-laufati se c. na-běhat se on-run.self on-run self on-run self all mean: 'come to have one's fill of running' Compositional (spatial) lexically prefixed verbs are cases like the Serbo-Croatian nabàcati in (4a), the Old Church Slavonic naiti in (4b) and the Polish namalować in (4c). Consider also the Russian vpisat' in (5a), the Czech vnést in (5b) and the Slovak vliať in (5c). (4) a. na-bàcati b. na-iti c. na-malować on-throw on-walk on-paint 'throw sth. on sth.' 'walk on sth.' 'paint sth. on sth.' ('find') (5) a. v-pisat' b. v-nést c. v-liať in-write in-carry in-pour 'write sth. in sth.' 'carry sth. in sth.' 'pour sth. into sth.' The examples show that the superlexical prefixes in (1)-(3) and lexical prefixes in (4) and (5) behave consistently and that the meaning of the prefixed verbs is composed of the meaning of the verb and the meaning of the prefix/preposition. In contrast, the changes induced by lexical 'carry' 'carrying' (8) a. pis-a-ć b. pis-m-o write-TH-INF write-NMLZ-NOM.SG.N 'write' 'writing, magazine' (9) a. běl-at b. běl-it white-TH-INF white-TH-INF 'become white' 'make white' 'he/she/it will swim in sth. / swim out of sth. / swim away from sth. / swim to sth. / 'become ill one after another' 'alter/redo one after another' c. po-roz-děl-á-va-t po-apart-do-TH-SI-INF 'disassemble one after another' The fact that superlexical prefixes have an adverbial meaning and can scope over the secondary imperfective suffix is the reason why some researchers propose that superlexical prefixes are generated in or above the aspectual phrase. 5 Note, however, that superlexical prefixes could, in fact, also merge lower in the verbal structure-being an overt reflection of some higher operator-and later move. It is a well-known fact that it is necessary to distinguish between lexical aspect and

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Section: Verbal Prefixes Are Incorporated Prepositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prepositions, Case and Verbal Prefixes

Biskup

2019

Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today

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“…discussion in Keydana, in preparation, and Pancheva, 2008 for early Slavic). One of the consequences of this recurrent process in Indo-European implied precisely the replacement of bare lexical cases by PPs headed by overt prepositions (Lehmann, 1993; Bauer, 1995; Hewson and Bubenik, 2006). This is precisely the phenomenon observed in early Slavic, too, as illustrated in (9) vs. (11).…”

Section: A Formal Diachronic–synchronic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Grammars through Diachronic Change

Madariaga

2017

Front. Psychol.

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In this paper, I will vindicate the importance of syntactic change for the study of synchronic stages of natural languages, according to the following outline. First, I will analyze the relationship between the diachrony and synchrony of grammars, introducing some basic concepts: the notions of I-language/E-language, the role of Chomsky's (2005) three factors in language change, and some assumptions about language acquisition. I will briefly describe the different approaches to syntactic change adopted in generative accounts, as well as their assumptions and implications (Lightfoot, 1999, 2006; van Gelderen, 2004; Biberauer et al., 2010; Roberts, 2012). Finally, I will illustrate the convenience of introducing the diachronic dimension into the study of at least certain synchronic phenomena with the help of a practical example: variation in object case marking of several verbs in Modern Russian, namely, the verbs denoting avoidance and the verbs slušat'sja “obey” and dožidat'sja “expect,” which show two object case-marking patterns, genitive case in standard varieties and accusative case in colloquial varieties. To do so, I will review previous descriptive and/or functionalist accounts on this or equivalent phenomena (Jakobson, 1984 [1936]; Clancy, 2006; Nesset and Kuznetsova, 2015a,b). Then, I will present a formal—but just synchronic—account, applying Sigurðsson (2011) hypothesis on the expression of morphological case to this phenomenon. Finally, I will show that a formal account including the diachronic dimension is superior (i.e., more explanative) than purely synchronic accounts.

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“…Uhlenbeck (1901) attempted to explain the nominative and the accusative merger in neuter nouns by assuming a parallel with Basque (an ergative language) and therefore, an ergative stage in PIE (see also Kuryɫowicz 1935;Martinet 1962;Shields 1978;Schmalstieg 1987). Historical linguists who disagree with the ergative stage of PIE advocate a stative-active structure for PIE (subjects of active intransitives are marked identically to subjects of transitives, whereas subjects of stative intransitives are marked differently from subjects of active intransitive and transitives ;Klimov 1973;Schmidt 1979;Comrie 1979;Gamkrelidze andIvanov 1995 [1984];Lehmann 1993;Bauer 2000;Barðdal and Eythórsson 2003;Eythórsson and Barðdal 2005) and argue for a Split-S(ubject) system based on animacy. They Brought to you by | University of Iowa Libraries Authenticated Download Date | 6/10/15 7:01 PM assert a correlation between animate nouns and transitive or intransitive active verbs and between inactive nouns and stative verbs.…”

Section: Lability and Gender: Split Ergativitymentioning

confidence: 99%

On the relation between labilizations and neuter gender: Evidence from the Greek diachrony

Karantzola

Lavidas

2014

Linguistics

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This paper considers labile verbs, i.e., verbs that use the same morphology for the causative and the anticausative reading, and how this lability pattern has evolved and spread in relation to case alignment and, specifically, to the lack of case distinctions between the nominative and the accusative with neuter DPs. In the first part of the study, we examine the voice distinctions in the history of the Greek language, showing that the use of the same voice morphology (i.e., active) for causative and anticausative readings increases in Hellenistic Greek and spreads progressively until Early Modern Greek, as indicated by empirical evidence in dialectal texts. The second part of the study attributes this pattern to the lack of the nominative-accusative case distinction in neuter nouns that in turn can be interpreted as either objects of a transitive (causative) verb or subjects of an intransitive verb (anticausative). In this aspect, neuter nouns demonstrate a type of split ergativity in the Greek labile alternations which thus require a split ergativity analysis based on DP features.

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Theoretical Bases of Indo-European Linguistics

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Prepositions, Case and Verbal Prefixes

Prepositions, Case and Verbal Prefixes

Understanding Grammars through Diachronic Change

On the relation between labilizations and neuter gender: Evidence from the Greek diachrony

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