Theoretical and psychometric analysis of caregiver strain

England, Margaret; Roberts, Bryan R.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-240x(199612)19:6<499::aid-nur5>3.0.co;2-j

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The importance of caregiver and child quality of life is increasingly recognized as a critical outcome of any intervention in this population 12, 13. Previous studies of fundoplication in children with NI, GERD, and dysfunctional swallowing reported surgical mortality rates between 1% and 3% and other complications between 4% and 39%, reflecting the medical fragility of these children 5, 14–18.…”

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confidence: 99%

Kinetic Resolution of the Racemic 2‐Hydroxyalkanoates Using the Enantioselective Mixed‐Anhydride Method with Pivalic Anhydride and a Chiral Acyl‐Transfer Catalyst

Shiina

Nakata

Ono

et al. 2009

Chemistry A European J

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A variety of optically active 2-hydroxyalkanoates and the corresponding 2-acyloxyalkanoates are produced by the kinetic resolution of racemic 2-hydroxyalkanoates by using achiral 2,2-diarylacetic acid with hindered carboxylic anhydrides as the coupling reagents. The combined use of diphenylacetic acid, pivalic anhydride, and (+)-(R)-benzotetramisole ((R)-BTM) effectively produces (S)-2-hydroxyalkanoates and (R)-2-acyloxyalkanoates from the racemic 2-hydroxyalkanoates (s-values=47-202). This protocol directly provides the desired chiral 2-hydroxyalkanoate derivatives from achiral diarylacetic acid and racemic secondary alcohols that do not include the sec-phenethyl alcohol moiety by using the transacylation process to generate the mixed anhydrides from the acid components with bulky carboxylic anhydrides under the influence of the chiral acyl-transfer catalyst. The transition state that provides the desired (R)-2-acyloxyalkanoate from (R)-2-hydroxyalkanoate included in the racemic mixture is disclosed by DFT calculations, and the structural features of the transition form are also discussed.

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confidence: 99%

Kinetic Resolution of the Racemic 2‐Hydroxyalkanoates Using the Enantioselective Mixed‐Anhydride Method with Pivalic Anhydride and a Chiral Acyl‐Transfer Catalyst

Shiina

Nakata

Ono

et al. 2009

Chemistry A European J

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“…12,13 Previous studies of fundoplication in children with NI, GERD, and dysfunctional swallowing reported surgical mortality rates between 1% and 3% and other complications between 4% and 39%, reflecting the medical fragility of these children. 5,14 -18 Some of these studies had longitudinal follow-up and reported long-term data.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of life of children with neurological impairment who receive a fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease

Srivastava

Downey

Feola

et al. 2007

Journal of Hospital Medicine

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BACKGROUNDChildren with neurological impairment (NI) commonly have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) treated with a fundoplication. The impact of this procedure on quality of life is poorly understood.OBJECTIVESTo examine the quality of life of children with NI who have received a fundoplication for GERD and of their caregivers.METHODSThe study was a prospective cohort study of children with NI and GERD who underwent a fundoplication at a children's hospital between January 1, 2005, and July 7, 2006. Quality of life of the children was assessed with the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) and of the caregivers with the Short‐Form Health Survey Status (SF‐36) and Parenting Stress Index (PSI), both at baseline and 1 month after fundoplication. Functional status was assessed using the WeeFIM®. Repeated‐measures analyses were performed.RESULTSForty‐four of the 63 parents (70%) were enrolled. The median WeeFIM® score was 31.2 versus the age‐normal score of 83 (P = .001). Compared with the baseline scores, mean CHQ scores improved over 1 month in the domains of bodily pain (32.8 vs. 47.5, P = .01), role limitations–physical (30.6 vs. 56.6, P = .01), mental health (62.7 vs. 70.6, P = .01), family limitation of activities (43.3 vs. 55.1, P = .03), and parental time (43.0 vs. 55.3, P = .03). The parental SF‐36 domain of vitality improved from baseline over 1 month (41.3 vs. 48.2, P = .001), but there were no changes from baseline in Parenting Stress scores.CONCLUSIONSParents reported that the quality of life of children with NI who receive a fundoplication for GERD was improved from baseline in several domains 1 month after surgery. The quality of life and stress of caregivers did not improve in nearly all domains, at least in the short term. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:165–173. © 2007 Society of Hospital Medicine.

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“…As defined by Brannan, Heflinger, and Bickman (1997), caregiver strain pertains to the "demands, responsibilities, difficulties, and negative psychic consequences of caring for relatives with special needs" (p. 212). England and Roberts (1996) suggest that caregiver strain encompasses three defining characteristics: "exhaustion," "emotional arousal," and "goal discrepancy distress" (p. 501). In congruence with this concept, caregiver strain additionally occurs in three dimensions: objective caregiver strain entailing the observable dimensions of burden; internalized strain referring to the internal subjective worrisome feelings of the caregiver; and externalized subjective caregiver strain regarding the negative feelings of the caregiver towards the recipient of care (Brannan et al, 1997).…”

Section: Theories Of Caregiver Stress and Strainmentioning

confidence: 99%