Theoretical and experimental investigations of electron emission in C6++H2O collisions

Ionization of water molecules by proton impact: Two nonperturbative studies of the electron-emission spectra

“…Since water is the main constituent of the cell, the biological damage is caused, to a large extent, by secondary particles (electrons, ions, and radicals) formed by ion collisions with H 2 O (see [2] and references therein); accurate cross sections for these atomic processes are therefore required to simulate the passage of ions through biological environments. These applications have motivated several perturbative calculations [3][4][5][6][7][8] of total and differential ionization cross sections in ion + H 2 O collisions, which are in general valid for relatively high collision energies.…”

Effect of Recombination between a Molecular Ion and an Electron on Radial Dose in the Irradiation of a Heavy Ion

“…We employ total impact ionization cross sections of an incident heavy ion for the production of molecular ions and free electrons (Cappello et al, 2009). The centers of these cross sections are located at the center of the molecules and these cross sections are perpendicular to the direction of the velocity of the incident heavy ion.…”

“…From the measurement values of differential ion impact ionization cross sections (Champion et al, 2007, Cappello et al, 2009, Ohsawa et al, 2013, we determine an initial energy (E e ), an emission angle of elevation (θ), and an azimuth (φ) of the ionized electrons by solving an equation for a variable x ( = E e , or θ, or φ), that is,…”

“…Using R n , x varies according to events of ion impact ionization. For the distribution for E e , we employ the Rudd model (Rudd et al, 1992) that almost reproduces this distribution in C 6+ ion impact ionization (Cappello et al, 2009, Ohsawa et al, 2013. We take the distribution for θ and φ to be isotropic (Moribayashi, 2014a(Moribayashi, , 2015a.…”

“…We take the distribution for θ and φ to be isotropic (Moribayashi, 2014a(Moribayashi, , 2015a. For θ and φ, f (θ) = sin θ and f (φ) = 1 because we employ the differential cross sections per a solid angle (Champion et al, 2007, Cappello et al, 2009). …”