Theoretical and experimental aspects of indirect detection in capillary electrophoresis

System peaks in capillary zone electrophoresis What are they and where are they coming from?

“…In literature system peaks are often referred to [6][7][8][9][10] although the concept of system peaks is scarcely defined and authors apply the term differently. Disturbances in the basic signal of a detector can be caused by a variety of effects.…”

Indirect UV detection of carbohydrates in capillary zone electrophoresis by using tryptophan as a marker

“…ion is not always present in systems designed for indirect detection. 'This is the case when the BGE only consists of the marker and a counter ion, when only a system peak corresponding to the electroosmotic flow is visible [7,18,201. More complex BGEs give additional system peaks with mobilities determined by the composition of the BGE [5,20].…”

“…This was first of all due to less band broadening from Joule heating effects and secondly, less peak deformation caused by concentration overloading effects. The latter is considered to be directly proportional to the sample/BGE concentration ratio [18]. Consequently, the detection sensitivity was improved significantly by using the 25 pm ID capillary.…”

“…6B. The computer program was created by Bruin et al [18]. To use this program, which requires the acid dissociation constant of the analyte, the data given in [21] were used here.…”

“…It is too complex to solve the problem using such equations without simplification. If the disturbance of the concentration of the ions in the BGE is relatively small, then the problem can be simplified by creating a set of linear equations which can be solved by an eigenvalue treatment [17][18][19].…”