Theoretical analysis of sonochemical degradation of phenol and its chloro-derivatives

Bapat, Pratap S.; Gogate, Parag R.; Pandit, Aniruddha B.

doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2007.08.002

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The high-volume use of phenols in the United States and their potential toxicity has led the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) to define them as priority pollutants [15]. Most countries specify the maximum allowable concentration of phenols in the effluent streams to be less than 1 mg/l [16], [17]. The legislations in the UAE limit the total phenols in industrial water discharged to the marine environment to 0.1 mg/l [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Behavior in Biodegradation of 2, 4 Dichlorophenol: Is It a Starvation Effect?

Al-Khalid¹,

El‐Naas²

2013

IJCEA

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Abstract-Batch experiments were carried out to examine the biomass acclimatization during the aerobic biodegradation of 2, 4 dichlorophenol (2, 4 DCP) by Pseudomonas putida immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel pellets in a bubble column bioreactor. The bacteria was acclimatized to 2, 4 DCP with concentrations of up to 200 mg/l, with and without the addition of glucose. After the acclimatization, experiments were carried out with initial 2, 4 DCP concentrations ranging from 25 to 100 mg/l. In the course of the study, a phenomenon was noticed that can be related to the effect of carbon starvation on the biodegradation ability of the bacterial cells. This paper presents the results on this phenomenon. Starved cells showed higher growth and degradation rates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Behavior in Biodegradation of 2, 4 Dichlorophenol: Is It a Starvation Effect?

Al-Khalid¹,

El‐Naas²

2013

IJCEA

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“…Bapat et al [93] introduced the interfacial phenomenon in explaining sonochemical degradation of phenol. They analyzed theoretically, the degradation of phenol and its chloro-derivatives produced by the reaction of CCl 4 and phenol.…”

Section: Sonochemical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonochemical Degradation of Phenol in the Presence of Inorganic Catalytic Materials

Pankaj

Verma²

2010

Theoretical and Experimental Sonochemistry Involving Inorganic Systems

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Degradation of phenol in its aqueous solutions, using various techniques, including ultrasound, have been examined and discussed to better understand the mechanisms involved therein and the advantages as well as the disadvantages associated with the use of inorganic catalytic materials. IntroductionSonochemical degradation of organic molecules [1], employing cavitational effect is not new. Many simple [2] and complex molecules [3] from modest to very high toxicity levels, polluting the aquatic life and the environment have been successfully reduced to relatively non-toxic or lesser harmful species, if not degraded completely by the ultrasound. Although the degree of degradation and the duration of sonication varied considerably, depending upon the nature of moieties, but the sonochemical degradation undergoes either without the addition of extra chemicals or involves the minimum amounts of non-toxic chemicals such as photocatalyst TiO 2 , Fenton's reagent etc., hence can be termed as a green technology. The purpose of this article is to review the sonochemical degradation of phenol, under different experimental conditions and in the presence of several other active chemicals to understand better the mechanisms involved in all such processes.Phenol is an important chemical, from the point of its industrial and commercial applications, but is of great environmental apprehension due to its toxicity. Its chemical name is hydroxybenzene which is more acidic compared to aliphatic alcohols hence is also known as carbolic acid [4]. At ambient temperature and pressure it is a hygroscopic crystalline solid, which is colourless when pure [5] but

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“…The chemical stability of these compounds towards radical attack in the liquid phase was also discussed. It has been observed that, due to their higher hydrophobicity, chloroderivates were degraded much faster than the parent compounds [123].…”

Section: Contributions From the Studies With Chlorinated Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonochemical Treatment of Water Polluted by Chlorinated Organocompounds. A Review

González-Garcı́a

Sáez

Tudela

et al. 2010

Water

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As one of several types of pollutants in water, chlorinated compounds have been routinely subjected to sonochemical analysis to check the environmental applications of this technology. In this review, an extensive study of the influence of the initial concentration, ultrasonic intensity and frequency on the kinetics, degradation efficiency and mechanism has been analyzed. The sonochemical degradation follows a radical mechanism which yields a very wide range of chlorinated compounds in very low concentrations. Special attention has been paid to the mass balance comparing the results from several analytical techniques. As a conclusion, sonochemical degradation alone is not an efficient treatment to reduce the organic pollutant level in waste water.

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Theoretical analysis of sonochemical degradation of phenol and its chloro-derivatives

Cited by 35 publications

References 12 publications

Transient Behavior in Biodegradation of 2, 4 Dichlorophenol: Is It a Starvation Effect?

Transient Behavior in Biodegradation of 2, 4 Dichlorophenol: Is It a Starvation Effect?

Sonochemical Degradation of Phenol in the Presence of Inorganic Catalytic Materials

Sonochemical Treatment of Water Polluted by Chlorinated Organocompounds. A Review

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