Theoretical Analysis of a Feedback Insensitive Semiconductor Ring Laser Using Weak Intracavity Isolation

Abstract

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Model and experimental validation of a unidirectional phase modulator

“…Recently, we predicted that 10 dB optical isolation is sufficient to stabilize the relative intensity noise of an integrated laser to within 3 dB and the linewidth and optical output power to 0.1 % for EOF up to −0.1 dB [17]. This finding indicates that it is possible to obtain a laser that is insensitive to EOF using e.g.…”

Rate-equation theory of a feedback insensitive unidirectional semiconductor ring laser

“…We have extended our previous theory [2] so as to account for the effects of back-scattering (BS) due to spurious reflections [5] and side-wall irregularities [10] and the inversion-grating induced by spatial hole burning [11]. The system is fully described by the coupled rate equations:…”

“…Recently we proposed an integrated unidirectional ring laser for which reduced sensitivity to EOF up to −1 dB was predicted [2]. In general, monolithic semiconductor bulk and quantum-well ring lasers can already exhibit reduced sensitivity to EOF up to −30 dB even in the absence of any special precautions, due to intrinsic bistability with respect to clock-wise (CW) and counter-clock-wise (CCW) operation [3].…”

“…In our design [2], the isolator is inspired by the phase-modulator cascade proposed by Doerr et al [7], an integrated version of which was analyzed and characterized [8]. The RFdriven modulators cause side peaks at (multiples of) the RF-modulation frequency in the light propagating in the backward direction.…”

Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Unidirectionality in an Integrated Semiconductor Ring Mode-Locked Laser With Two Saturable Absorbers

“…Thus, several issues prohibit existing approaches to be widely employed, even though they exhibit a certain degree of isolation, and thus lasers are still left unprotected from back reflections on PICs. A way to circumvent the lack of isolators is to make the lasers insensitive to back reflections by establishing a small loss difference between the counter clockwise (CCW) and clockwise (CW) directions in a ring laser, as hypothesized in [21], [22], and thus make it operate unidirectional. From this rationale the initial step in achieving a feedback insensitive laser is to make it operate unidirectional, which is the background for the work in this paper.…”