Model and experimental validation of a unidirectional phase modulator

Abstract

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Toward a Feedback-Insensitive Semiconductor Laser

“…The model for the complete UPM is obtained by multiplying the transmission of each individual ERM. For the details we refer to [51]. Here it is shown that the effective electrical phases are different for forward and backward propagation.…”

“…For the isolator we adopted the phase-modulator cascade proposed by Doerr et al [4]. This type of devices was analyzed and characterized by us in detail in [51]. Ideally, the RF-driven modulators produce a typical phase-modulated spectrum, redirecting all energy to side peaks at multiples of the RF-modulation frequency in the light propagating in the backward direction, while in the forward direction the light passes unaltered.…”

“…In order to make this tradeoff, the electro-optical frequency response of the available phase modulators should be considered. As shown in [51], a modulation amplitude of 1.2 rad in both modulators is required for maximum isolation. This corresponds to 3V electrical modulation amplitude.…”

“…Most of the theory for our laser can be found in [51], [58], [59] and will be summarized here. In [58] it is assumed that neither back scattering nor hole-burning-induced cross saturation is present.…”

“…Subsection A provides a brief overview of the results of this theoretical analysis of the laser. A theoretical model to describe the operation of the cascade of phase modulators is given in [51]. This model is validated by measurements and will be briefly summarized in subsection B.…”