Thematic review series: Adipocyte Biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation

Sethi, J.; Vidal-Puig, António

doi:10.1194/jlr.r700005-jlr200

Cited by 476 publications

(350 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…2 This dyslipidemic profile, associated with excessive body fat, may predispose dogs to metabolic syndrome, as has been demonstrated in humans. 10,23,26 It is known that insulin resistance stimulates the hormone-sensitive lipase activity, which increases free fatty acid (FFA) concentration. 2 An increase in FFA concentration also has an important role in insulin sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatographic Analysis of Lipid Fractions in Healthy Dogs and Dogs with Obesity or Hyperadrenocorticism

Jericó¹,

Chiquito

Kajihara

et al. 2009

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. Obesity and endogenous hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) are common clinical conditions in veterinary practice, and both conditions have clinical and laboratory similarities, such as weight gain and dyslipidemia. The objective of the present study was to characterize and compare the lipid profiles and plasma lipoprotein fractions in healthy dogs (n 5 10), in obese dogs (n 5 10), and in dogs with HAC (n 5 6). All of the dogs were client owned. The lipoproteins were separated by fast protein liquid chromatography, and the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and total triacylglycerol (TAG) were determined by enzymatic methods. When compared with the healthy and obese groups, dogs with HAC had a significant increase (P , 0.01) in the total concentrations of TAGs and cholesterol (CHOL), with higher distribution in the very lowdensity lipoprotein (VLDL)-CHOL fractions. In addition, the distributions of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-CHOL and HDL-TAG fractions were significantly lower (P , 0.01) in dogs with HAC than in healthy dogs. Considering the animals in this study, it was determined that the dogs with HAC differed significantly from the healthy and obese dogs regarding the metabolism of CHOL and TAG, as well as their VLDL and HDL fractions. Similar laboratory findings could allow veterinarians to distinguish obese dogs from those with HAC. In addition, dogs with HAC may be at higher risk for developing metabolic and atherosclerotic complications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatographic Analysis of Lipid Fractions in Healthy Dogs and Dogs with Obesity or Hyperadrenocorticism

Jericó¹,

Chiquito

Kajihara

et al. 2009

J VET Diagn Invest

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“…Several studies have suggested the importance of WAT metabolism and WAT-derived factors (fatty acids and adipokines) in the development of obesity and systemic insulin resistance, the key event in the pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome (1) .…”

Section: Adipokines Obesity and Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of adipokine secretion byn-3 fatty acids

2010

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Obesity leads to several chronic morbidities including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis and hypertension, which are major components of the metabolic syndrome. White adipose tissue (WAT) metabolism and WAT-derived factors (fatty acids and adipokines) play an important role in the development of these metabolic disturbances. In fact, dysregulated adipokine secretion from the expanded WAT of obese individuals contributes to the development of systemic low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The n-3 PUFA EPA and DHA have been widely reported to have protective effects in a range of chronic inflammatory conditions including obesity. In fact, n-3 PUFA have been shown to ameliorate low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue associated with obesity and up-regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and induce beta-oxidation in WAT in mice. Moreover, the ability of n-3 PUFA to regulate adipokine gene expression and secretion has been observed both in vitro and in vivo in rodents and human subjects. The present article reviews: (1) the physiological role of adiponectin, leptin and pre-B cell colony-enhancer factor/visfatin, three adipokines with immunemodulatory properties involved in the regulation of metabolism and insulin sensitivity and (2) the actions of n-3 PUFA on these adipokines focusing on the underlying mechanisms and the potential relationship with the beneficial effects of these fatty acids on obesity-associated metabolic disorders. It can be concluded that the ability of n-3 PUFA to improve obesity and insulin resistance conditions partially results from the modulation of WAT metabolism and the secretion of bioactive adipokines including leptin, adiponectin and visfatin.Leptin: Adiponectin: Visfatin: n-3 fatty acids: Obesity: Inflammation Adipokines, obesity and inflammationObesity represents an increasing problem of health care. It leads to several chronic morbidities including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis and hypertension, which are major components of the metabolic syndrome (1) . Obesity also predisposes individuals to an increased risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and certain cancers (2) . Furthermore, obesity and impaired immune function have been described in both human subjects and genetically obese rodents, supporting a link between adipose tissues and immunocompetent cells (3) .Adipose tissues play crucial roles in the development of obesity, with white adipose tissue (WAT) functioning as an energy storage organ and brown adipose tissue as an energy consumption organ. Several studies have suggested the importance of WAT metabolism and WAT-derived factors (fatty acids and adipokines) in the development of obesity and systemic insulin resistance, the key event in the pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome (1) .WAT is an important secretory organ which produces a number of molecules that putatively play critical roles in fuel homeostasis and contribute to maintain metabolic control. These bioactive molecules, generally termed 'adip...

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“…More than 50 different adipokines have been identified so far, including: adiponectin, leptin, resistin, acylation stimulating protein, fasting-induced adipose factor, enzymes involved in lipoprotein metabolism and various cytokines, chemokines and acute phase proteins [59,62,69,74]. In 2005, vitamin A plasma transporter RBP4 (retinol binding protein-4) of adipose origin was identified as a new adipokine favouring insulin resistance in mice through effects on liver and muscle [79], which are more likely independent of vitamin A.…”

Section: Adipokine Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-Carotene conversion products and their effects on adipose tissue

et al. 2009

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Recent epidemiological data suggest that b-carotene may be protective against metabolic diseases in which adipose tissue plays a key role. Adipose tissue constitutes the major b-carotene storage tissue and its functions have been shown to be modulated in response to b-carotene breakdown products, especially retinal produced after cleavage by b-carotene 15,15 0 -monooxygenase (BCMO1), and retinoic acid arising from oxidation of retinal. However, the possibility exists that b-carotene in its intact form can also affect adipocyte function. Development of a knock out model and identification of a loss-offunction mutation have pointed out BCMO1 as being probably the sole enzyme responsible for provitamin A conversion into retinal in mammals. The utilisation of BCMO1 -/-mice should provide insights on b-carotene effect on its own in the future. In humans, intervention studies have highlighted the huge interindividual variation of b-carotene conversion efficiency, possibly due to genetic polymorphisms, which might impact on response to b-carotene. This brief review discusses the processes involved in b-carotene conversion and the effect of cleavage products on body fat and adipose tissue function.

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Thematic review series: Adipocyte Biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation

Cited by 476 publications

References 45 publications

Chromatographic Analysis of Lipid Fractions in Healthy Dogs and Dogs with Obesity or Hyperadrenocorticism

Chromatographic Analysis of Lipid Fractions in Healthy Dogs and Dogs with Obesity or Hyperadrenocorticism

Regulation of adipokine secretion byn-3 fatty acids

β-Carotene conversion products and their effects on adipose tissue

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